{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T10:42:59Z","timestamp":1773398579118,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]],"date-time":"2020-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1581552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/P02839X\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/P02839X\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/N010329\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/N010329\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is increasing interest in using Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in flood risk management activities including in response to flood events. However, there is little evidence that they are used in a structured and strategic manner to best effect. An effective response to flooding is essential if lives are to be saved and suffering alleviated. This study evaluates how UAS can be used in the preparation for and response to flood emergencies and develops guidelines for their deployment before, during and after a flood event. A comprehensive literature review and interviews, with people with practical experience of flood risk management, compared the current organizational and operational structures for flood emergency response in both England and India, and developed a deployment analysis matrix of existing UAS applications. An online survey was carried out in England to assess how the technology could be further developed to meet flood emergency response needs. The deployment analysis matrix has the potential to be translated into an Indian context and other countries. Those organizations responsible for overseeing flood risk management activities including the response to flooding events will have to keep abreast of the rapid technological advances in UAS if they are to be used to best effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w12020521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,26]],"date-time":"2020-02-26T04:18:29Z","timestamp":1582690709000},"page":"521","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Guidelines for the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems in Flood Emergency Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3359-3354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gloria","family":"Salmoral","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK430AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4169-3099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Rivas Casado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK430AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4700-4573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoranjan","family":"Muthusamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK430AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5515-3416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Butler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Water Systems, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Streatham Campus, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prathyush","family":"Menon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Systems Dynamics and Control, College of Engineering, Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Harrison Building, Streatham Campus, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Leinster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield MK430AL, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"U.S. House of Representatives (2006). 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