{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T12:10:54Z","timestamp":1775477454810,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme","award":["773782"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["773782"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Water"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Danube Delta, the second-largest wetland in Europe, provides people with multiple ecosystem services, consisting of drinking water, food, flood protection, nutrient recycling, and recreation, as it is a complex social\u2013ecological system. Nowadays, the area faces heavy depopulation due to its failure in achieving an equilibrium between social, economic, and environmental issues. Therefore, its resurgence is the core element of its sustainable development strategy, and particular sectors such as fishing and aquaculture, agriculture, and tourism national strategies deal individually with essential issues without considering the potential conflicts that may arise from a particular sector\u2019s development. This study develops a complex method for decision making concerning the sustainable development of the Danube Delta Biosphere Reserve based on the consultation of both local and higher-level stakeholders in decision making, and the identification of social, economic, and environmental key problems. After their validation by experts, we developed a system dynamics model and ran the identified scenarios together with the stakeholders and recommended policies for the sustainable development of the area. The scenario that combines the transition towards the moderate Intensification of aquaculture with ecological agriculture and slow tourism brings a reduced impact on water quality, but measures to reduce nutrients are still recommended.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w14213484","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,2]],"date-time":"2022-11-02T03:44:17Z","timestamp":1667360657000},"page":"3484","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sustainable Development Scenarios in the Danube Delta\u2014A Pilot Methodology for Decision Makers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-7299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luminita","family":"Lazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Marine Research and Development \u201cGrigore Antipa\u201d, 900581 Constanta, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5653-9553","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steliana","family":"Rodino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruxandra","family":"Pop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Research for Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, 011464 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Tiller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stiftelsen for Industriell og Teknisk Forskning (SINTEF) Ocean, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nele","family":"D\u2019Haese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2180 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Viaene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2180 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0142-588X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"De Kok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), 2180 Antwerp, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, July 04). 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