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This leads to changes in the spatiotemporal characteristics of thermal stratification in lakes, altering lake circulation patterns and vertical mass transfer. However, thermal stratification structures are often overlooked. The intensification of lake thermal stratification due to warming may lead to increased release of bottom pollutants, spreading through the dynamic behavior of the thermocline to the epilimnion. Moreover, the increased heat storage is beneficial for the growth and development of certain phytoplankton, resulting in rapid transitions of the original steady state of lakes. Consequently, water quality deterioration, ecological degradation, and declining biodiversity may occur. Conventional surface water monitoring may not provide comprehensive, accurate, and timely assessments. Model simulations can better predict future thermal stratification behaviors, reducing financial burdens, providing more refined assessments, and thus preventing subsequent environmental issues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/w16060888","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]],"date-time":"2024-03-20T05:56:07Z","timestamp":1710914167000},"page":"888","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Challenge to Lake Ecosystems: Changes in Thermal Structure Triggered by Climate Change"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Yin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1264-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali 671000, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liwei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jimeng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali 671000, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6464-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lina","family":"Chi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinze","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China"},{"name":"National Observation and Research Station of Erhai Lake Ecosystem in Yunnan, Dali 671000, China"},{"name":"Yunnan Dali Research Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Dali 671000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Core Writing Team, Lee, H., and Romero, J. 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