{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T12:59:21Z","timestamp":1771333161326,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]],"date-time":"2023-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["LAETA\u2014UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LAETA\u2014UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Actuators"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There are several compelling reasons for exploring the ocean, for instance, the potential for accessing valuable resources, such as energy and minerals; establishing sovereignty; and addressing environmental issues. As a result, the scientific community has increasingly focused on the use of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for ocean exploration. Recent research has demonstrated that buoyancy change modules can greatly enhance the energy efficiency of these vehicles. However, the literature is scarce regarding the dynamic models of the vertical motion of buoyancy change modules. It is therefore difficult to develop adequate depth controllers, as this is a very complex task to perform in situ. The focus of this paper is to develop simplified linear models for a buoyancy change module that was previously designed by the authors. These models are experimentally identified and used to fine-tune depth controllers. Experimental results demonstrate that the controllers perform well, achieving a virtual zero steady-state error with satisfactory dynamic characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/act12040180","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T02:06:11Z","timestamp":1682301971000},"page":"180","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Model Identification and Control of a Buoyancy Change Device"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jo\u00e3o Falc\u00e3o","family":"Carneiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"J. Bravo","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-967X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F. Gomes de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INEGI, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6365-9492","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N. A.","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC, Faculdade de Engenharia, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s\/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"414","article-title":"Variable Buoyancy or Propeller-Based Systems for Hovering Capable Vehicles: An Energetic Comparison","volume":"46","author":"Pinto","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Ocean. Eng."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, January 15). Argo\u2014Part of the Integrated Global Observation Strategy. Available online: https:\/\/argo.ucsd.edu\/."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jouffroy, J., Zhou, Q., and Zielinski, O. (2011, January 19\u201322). Towards Selective Tidal-Stream Transport for Lagrangian Profilers. 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