{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:01:12Z","timestamp":1775030472894,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]],"date-time":"2025-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","award":["61403115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61403115"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","award":["62341301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62341301"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","award":["2408085J038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085J038"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Funds of China","award":["202304a05020060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304a05020060"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Foundation","award":["61403115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61403115"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Foundation","award":["62341301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62341301"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Foundation","award":["2408085J038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085J038"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Natural Science Outstanding Youth Foundation","award":["202304a05020060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304a05020060"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["61403115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61403115"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["62341301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62341301"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["2408085J038"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2408085J038"]}]},{"name":"Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project","award":["202304a05020060"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202304a05020060"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Actuators"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A variable fractional-order (VFO) fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed to control the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, a VFO sliding mode surface is established. Then, a VFO fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed, capable of suppressing the effects of parameter uncertainties and disturbances to achieve precise PMSM speed control. The global stability and finite time convergence of the controlled system state are demonstrated using Lyapunov stability theory. The numerical and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the controller, showing better immunity to disturbances and a smaller overshoot compared to PID and fixed-order fuzzy sliding mode controllers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/act14010038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,20]],"date-time":"2025-01-20T09:11:13Z","timestamp":1737364273000},"page":"38","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Variable Fractional-Order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8110-5378","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China"}]},{"given":"Haoyu","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China"}]},{"given":"Ze","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7359-4370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio M.","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA\/INEGI, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lisheng","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230002, China"}]},{"given":"Guoquan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7422-5988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yangquan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechatronics, Embedded Systems and Automation Lab, University of California, Merced, CA 95343, USA"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vlachou, V.I., Sakkas, G.K., Xintaropoulos, F.P., Pechlivanidou, M.S.C., Kefalas, T.D., Tsili, M.A., and Kladas, A.G. 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