{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:37:47Z","timestamp":1760143067852,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00315\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00315\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Administrative Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study draws on agency theory and evaluates the effect of the remuneration structures of board members on earnings management, proxied by discretionary accruals. To achieve the objective, this study uses a multiple regression model and a hand-collected dataset of Portuguese-listed firms from 2015 to 2019. This study suggests that fixed board remuneration is associated with lower levels of earnings management, as opposed to variable remuneration of board members, which is strongly associated with a higher level of earnings management. The findings based on this study provide useful information to investors and regulators in evaluating the effect of board compensation structure on earnings management. Additionally, this study expands the corporate governance literature by examining an under-researched mechanism to address the agency problem.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci14010020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T05:42:31Z","timestamp":1705902151000},"page":"20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Board Member Remuneration and Earnings Management: The Case of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Catarina Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Accounting Department, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9980-7503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Inna Choban de Sousa","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Accounting Department, Instituto Universitario de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Business Research Unit (BRU-IUL), Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9804-7813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00edsa Cagica","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Set\u00fabal, Escola Superior de Ci\u00eancias Empresariais, Resilience, 2914-503 Set\u00fabal, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1108\/ARA-07-2015-0067","article-title":"Women directors, family ownership and earnings management in Malaysia","volume":"24","author":"Abdullah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian Review of Accounting"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.14453\/aabfj.v12i4.5","article-title":"Board chairmen\u2019s involvement in the nomination and remuneration committees and earnings management","volume":"12","author":"Ismail","year":"2018","journal-title":"Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.6007\/IJARAFMS\/v7-i4\/3444","article-title":"Earnings management and banks performance: Evidence from Europe","volume":"7","author":"Alhadab","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-05-2016-0292","article-title":"CEO incentive compensation and earnings management","volume":"54","author":"Almadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ribaf.2015.11.006","article-title":"Executive pay and performance in Portuguese listed companies","volume":"37","author":"Alves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Research in International Business and Finance"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1108\/JFRA-07-2020-0191","article-title":"CEO duality, earnings quality, and board independence","volume":"21","author":"Alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.irfa.2015.03.002","article-title":"Female directors and earnings management: Evidence from UK companies","volume":"39","author":"Arun","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Review of Financial Analysis"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-4101(00)00012-4","article-title":"The effect of international institutional factors on properties of accounting earnings","volume":"29","author":"Ball","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Accounting and Economics"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1911-3846.1998.tb00558.x","article-title":"Discretionary Accounting Choices and CEO Compensation","volume":"15","author":"Balsam","year":"1998","journal-title":"Contemporary Accounting Research"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10997-016-9366-0","article-title":"Executive remuneration standards and the \u2018conformity gap\u2019 at controlled corporations","volume":"21","author":"Barontini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Management & Governance"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bebchuk, Lucian Arye, Fried, Jesse, and Walker, David (2002). 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