{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T00:30:33Z","timestamp":1775521833771,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":120,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1710806400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Administrative Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Translation, adaptation, and validation of instruments for cross-cultural investigation requires a rigorous methodological procedure that should be carefully planned to deliver instruments with adequate reliability and validity. This process was applied to a questionnaire measuring Organizational Citizenship Behavior toward the Environment (OCBE), Organizational Identification (OI), Environmental Responsibility (ER), and Green Human Resources Management (GHRM) in Portuguese and Slovak organizations. Several methodological procedures for cross-cultural adaptation and validation of questionnaires were analyzed, most of which used independent translators, experts\u2019 analysis, and backward translation to the original language. In the present study, a procedure adapted from Beaton et al. (2000) was applied successfully, and the blind backward translations; expert committee; and the two pretests to assess content validity, functional equivalence, and clarity proved to be worthy. The psychometric properties were measured using a sample from Portugal (N = 122) and Slovakia (N = 269). Although employees were perceiving neither a strong environmental responsibility of their organizations nor strong green human resources management, they identified themselves with the organizations and engaged in OCBEs. Comparing both countries, the factorial structure was remarkably similar, highlighting the eco-helping actions and eco-civic engagement of OCBEs. Comparing both countries, the factorial structure was remarkably similar, highlighting the eco-helping actions and eco-civic engagement of OCBEs. The results indicated that the translated instrument was functionally equivalent to the original one, valid (scale CVI\/Ave &gt; 0.83), and reliable (Scale Alpha &gt; 0.733) for evaluating the effect of employee practices and organization management in promoting and supporting environmental sustainability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci14030057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T09:39:31Z","timestamp":1710841171000},"page":"57","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Cross-Cultural Adaptation of a Questionnaire Measuring Organizational Citizenship Behavior towards the Environment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7030-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Candida Duarte","family":"Manuel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, BioRG-Bioengineering and Sustainability Research Group, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0193-971X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla Rebelo","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, CETRAD, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4544-7351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia Maria","family":"Huber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, CETRAD, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0008-282X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luk\u00e1\u0161","family":"Smerek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Economics, Matej Bel University in Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, 97590 Bansk\u00e1 Bystrica, Slovakia"}]},{"given":"Artur Fernandes","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Civil Protection Department, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Ribeiro","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lus\u00f3fona University, Civil Protection Department, 4000-098 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00292.x","article-title":"Literature review of methods to translate health-related quality of life questionnaires for use in multinational clinical trials","volume":"11","author":"Acquadro","year":"2008","journal-title":"Value in Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Afshar Jahanshahi, Asghar, Brem, Alexander, and Bhattacharjee, Amitab (2017). 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