{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T23:01:49Z","timestamp":1777503709792,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UID\/05105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/05105"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Administrative Sciences"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Research outputs in higher education institutions (HEIs) are crucially dependent on the research management process. Departing from a SWOT analysis, the main objective of this paper is to analyze the perceptions of stakeholders (researchers, teachers, and senior research managers) regarding the main strengths and weaknesses of HEIs, as well as assess the potential opportunities and threats present in the external environment. It analyzed a total of 462 responses from seven HEIs and two ministries participating in the INNOVA project in Bolivia and Paraguay. The results from the statistical analysis indicate that the respondents tend to identify the traditional obstacles and facilitators to research development, namely, the scarcity and instability of public policies, which permeate the institutions, diminishing the consistency of internal research policies and creating difficulties in access to funding and career development opportunities. Building on the substantial progress made in recent years, the unvirtuous cycle may be halted with political stability and committed action between all the concerned parties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/admsci15040131","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:06:05Z","timestamp":1743566765000},"page":"131","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Research Management in Higher Education Institutions from Developing Countries: An Analysis for Bolivia and Paraguay"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Luis","family":"Pacheco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9672-8770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Oliveira","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8451-4823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Makhabbat","family":"Ramazanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jorge Fuentes","family":"\u00c1vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Planning and Institutional Evaluation, Universidad Mayor Real y Pontifica de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre 0001, Bolivia"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3064-1514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Albuquerque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"GOVCOPP\u2014Research Unit on Governance, Competitiveness and Public Policies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1740-586X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1tima Matos","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CITCEM\u2014Transdisciplinary Research Centre Culture, Space and Memory, Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Porto, Via Panor\u00e2mica s\/n, 4150-564 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5392-5128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research on Economics, Management and Information Technologies, Portucalense University, 4200-027 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CEGOT\u2014Centre of Studies in Geography and Spatial Planning, Humanities Faculty, University of Coimbra, 3004-530 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7544-6806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Guillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OGPI\u2014Institutional Projects Management Office, FUTURLAB\u2014The Foresight Laboratory, Department of Sociology II, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain"}]},{"given":"Beatriz Barrera","family":"Zuleta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direction of Research, Science, and Technology, Universidad Mayor Real y Pontifica de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre 0001, Bolivia"}]},{"given":"Silvia Mar\u00edn","family":"Guzm\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDUCACI\u00d3N en Fundaci\u00f3n Pasos, Universidad Mayor Real y Pontifica de San Francisco Xavier de Chuquisaca, Sucre 0001, Bolivia"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"12","article-title":"Uncovering students\u2019 preconceptions of undergraduate research experiences","volume":"12","author":"Adedokun","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of STEM Education: Innovations and Research"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Identification of difficulties in the consolidation of research processes at a higher education institution: A case study","volume":"14","author":"Arias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology-TOJET"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-004-6367-8","article-title":"Latin American universities: From an original revolution to an uncertain transition","volume":"50","author":"Arocena","year":"2005","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/03075070701794775","article-title":"An academic perspective on research and being a researcher: An integration of the literature","volume":"33","year":"2008","journal-title":"Studies in Higher Education"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez, R. (2018). Percepciones y aspiraciones en torno a la ciencia, tecnolog\u00eda e innovaci\u00f3n en Am\u00e9rica Latina. La investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y tecnol\u00f3gica y la innovaci\u00f3n como motores del desarrollo humano, social y econ\u00f3mico para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe, UNESCO\u2014Col\u00e9ccion CRES. Available online: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000372642."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonaccorsi, A. (2018). Management of research, higher education institutions. Encyclopedia of international higher education systems and institutions, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-017-9553-1_573-1"},{"key":"ref_7","first-page":"131","article-title":"La idea de universidad en tiempos de masificaci\u00f3n","volume":"III","author":"Brunner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n Superior"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"27","article-title":"Factores que influyen en el desarrollo de la investigaci\u00f3n universitaria","volume":"41","year":"2020","journal-title":"Revista Espacios"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s12192-017-0815-8","article-title":"The reality of scientific research in Latin America: An insider\u2019s perspective","volume":"22","author":"Ciocca","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Stress Chaperones"},{"key":"ref_10","unstructured":"Cuba, L. P., Laserna, R., Ribera, S., and Gomez, M. (2020). Doing research in Bolivia\u2014Country report, Center for the Studies of Social and Economic Realities & The Global Development Network, October. Available online: https:\/\/www.gdn.int\/sites\/default\/files\/u118\/Bolivia_Country%20Report%20_4-12-20.pdf."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-69092006000200011","article-title":"A comunidade de pesquisa dos pa\u00edses avan\u00e7ados e a elabora\u00e7\u00e3o da pol\u00edtica de ci\u00eancia e tecnologia","volume":"21","author":"Dagnino","year":"2006","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Ci\u00eancias Sociais"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Donna, M. L. G., Le\u00f3n, M. L. C., Colas, C. G., Gunsett, A. P., Maniero, S. F., Osuna, D. O., Klimovsky, E., Coradini, L., Enrico, D., Chac\u00f3n, M., and Waisberg, F. (2023). Breaking the unvirtuous cycle: Barriers and opportunities for research and development in Paraguay. A case study. Frontiers in Medicine, 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1266246"},{"key":"ref_13","unstructured":"Est\u00e9vez, E. H. (2009). El doctorado no quita lo tarado. Pensamientos de acad\u00e9micos y cultura institucional en la Universidad de Sonora, ANUIES."},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"Flores, C., Ord\u00f3nez, A., and Viramontes, \u00d3. (, January October). Factores que afectan la investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica en las instituciones de educaci\u00f3n superior (\u00c1rea Econ\u00f3mico-Administrativa). XX Congreso Internacional de Contadur\u00eda, Administraci\u00f3n e Inform\u00e1tica, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"George, D., and Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference, Routledge.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780429056765"},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"1118","article-title":"Factores que fortalecen la investigaci\u00f3n. Caso investigadoras de la FIME-UANL","volume":"13","year":"2016","journal-title":"Opci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci11040188","article-title":"Planning and strategic management of higher education considering the vision of Latin America","volume":"11","author":"Inga","year":"2021","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"INNOVA (2025, January 15). Promotion of research in Higher Education institutions in Bolivia and Paraguay\u201d, KA2\u2014Cooperation for innovation and the exchange of good practices\u2014Erasmus + Capacity building in the field of higher education. Co-financed by the European Commission through the Erasmus + Programme, under contract number INNOVA 619084-EPP-1-2020-1-BO-EPPKA2-CBHE-SP, Available online: https:\/\/www.innova-project.eu\/en."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2012.03.334","article-title":"The teaching-research nexus: A study on the students\u2019 awareness, experiences and perceptions of research","volume":"38","author":"Jusoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Procedia\u2014Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Lemasson, J., and Chiappe, M. (1999). La investigaci\u00f3n universitaria en Am\u00e9rica Latina, IESALC\/UNESCO."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"Carayannis, E. G. (2013). Triple helix of university-industry-government relations. Encyclopedia of creativity, invention, innovation and entrepreneurship, Springer."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Mar\u00f4co, J. (2014). An\u00e1lise Estat\u00edstica com utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o do SPSS Statistics, Report Number, Lda."},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Martinez, L., and Ferreira, A. (2008). An\u00e1lise de dados com SPSS: Primeiros passos, Escolar Editora."},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Ram\u00edrez, R. (2018). Universidad latinoamericana: Ciencia, tecnolog\u00eda e innovaci\u00f3n para afrontar los imperativos de la sustentabilidad. La investigaci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica y tecnol\u00f3gica y la innovaci\u00f3n como motores del desarrollo humano, social y econ\u00f3mico para Am\u00e9rica Latina y el Caribe, UNESCO\u2014Col\u00e9ccion CRES. Available online: https:\/\/unesdoc.unesco.org\/ark:\/48223\/pf0000372642."},{"key":"ref_25","unstructured":"Pestana, M., and Gageiro, J. (2014). An\u00e1lise de dados para Ci\u00eancias Sociais: A complementariedade do SPSS, Edi\u00e7\u00f5es S\u00edlabo."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEED.2025.143613","article-title":"Research management in higher education institutions in Bolivia and Paraguay: A SWOT analysis","volume":"16","author":"Ramazanova","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Education Economics and Development"},{"key":"ref_27","first-page":"109","article-title":"Factores que influyen en el proceso de elaboraci\u00f3n de la Tesis de grado","volume":"18","author":"Rietveldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Omnia"},{"key":"ref_28","first-page":"33","article-title":"Factores que influyen en la producci\u00f3n cient\u00edfica en la Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte","volume":"6","author":"Robles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Universitas Gest\u00e3o e TI"},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"370","article-title":"Students\u2019 attitude towards research in the university","volume":"18","author":"Rojas","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.35362\/rie3312944","article-title":"Gesti\u00f3n de sistemas de investigaci\u00f3n universitaria en Am\u00e9rica Latina","volume":"33","author":"Royero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Revista Iberoamericana de Educaci\u00f3n"},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"T\u00fcnnermann Bernheim, C. (2001). Universidad y Sociedad (Balance hist\u00f3rico y perspectivas desde Latinoam\u00e9rica), Hispamer. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Vessuri, H. (2007). O inventamos o erramos: El poder de la ciencia en Am\u00e9rica Latina. La ciencia como idea-fuerza en Am\u00e9rica Latina, Universidad Nacional de Quilmes Editorial."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0740-8188(02)00108-1","article-title":"Academic library performance measures and undergraduates library use and educational outcomes","volume":"24","author":"Whitmire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Library & Information Science Research"}],"container-title":["Administrative Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3387\/15\/4\/131\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:08:21Z","timestamp":1760029701000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3387\/15\/4\/131"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["admsci15040131"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/admsci15040131","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3387"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3387","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]}}}