{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:23:54Z","timestamp":1760059434592,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Psychology Research Centre (CIPsi\/UM) School of Psychology, University of Minho","award":["UIDB\/01662\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/01662\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Adolescents"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background\/Objectives: Happiness is a main topic of psychological research, and as a catalyst for transformative change, it is capable of inspiring growth and well-being. This study aims to identify and understand the themes that compose visual representations of happiness in adolescents, while using an innovative qualitative methodology centered on visual research. Methods: Applying the \u2018draw-and-write\u2019 technique, Portuguese adolescents were asked to \u2018Draw happiness\u2019, generating a visual data set of 330 drawings, coined hSquares. Results: By order of prevalence, the thematic analysis identified eight key themes: \u2018people\u2019, \u2018hobbies\u2019, \u2018love\u2019, \u2018smile\u2019, \u2018sports\u2019, \u2018basic needs\u2019, \u2018inner harmony\u2019, and \u2018human rights and equality\u2019. The findings highlight the significance of social contexts, such as family and peer relationships, as central to adolescents\u2019 happiness, while also emphasizing the importance of self-selected activities. Visual representations associated with basic needs and human rights emerged as novel contributions to the literature. Differences emerged by age, with younger adolescents often depicting single themes, whereas older adolescents integrated multiple themes in their drawings. Conclusions: This study provides a visual complement to the rich textual conversation about happiness and demonstrates the potential of visual methodologies in psychological research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/adolescents5020026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T09:51:24Z","timestamp":1749808284000},"page":"26","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Visual Representations of Happiness in Portuguese Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5773-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Freire","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0495-0256","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Raposo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jenna","family":"Hartel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Information, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G6, Canada"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1548-1433.2011.01393.x","article-title":"On Happiness","volume":"114","author":"Johnston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. 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