{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:45:15Z","timestamp":1775256315151,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50022\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.04648.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.04648.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Santander-UBI","award":["BID\/FE\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BID\/FE\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Aerospace"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural flight has consistently been the wellspring of many creative minds, yet recreating the propulsive systems of natural flyers is quite hard and challenging. Regarding propulsive systems design, biomimetics offers a wide variety of solutions that can be applied at low Reynolds numbers, achieving high performance and maneuverability systems. The main goal of the current work is to computationally investigate the thrust-power intricacies while operating at different Reynolds numbers, reduced frequencies, nondimensional amplitudes, and mean angles of attack of the oscillatory motion of a NACA0012 airfoil. Simulations are performed utilizing a RANS (Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes) approach for a Reynolds number between 8.5\u00d7103 and 3.4\u00d7104, reduced frequencies within 1 and 5, and Strouhal numbers from 0.1 to 0.4. The influence of the mean angle-of-attack is also studied in the range of 0\u2218 to 10\u2218. The outcomes show ideal operational conditions for the diverse Reynolds numbers, and results regarding thrust-power correlations and the influence of the mean angle-of-attack on the aerodynamic coefficients and the propulsive efficiency are widely explored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace8080216","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,6]],"date-time":"2021-08-06T08:01:42Z","timestamp":1628236902000},"page":"216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Plunging Airfoil: Reynolds Number and Angle of Attack Effects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1648-8368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel A. R.","family":"Camacho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5826-7459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando M. S. P.","family":"Neves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4901-7140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9 R. R.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAETA-Aeronautics and Astronautics Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilh\u00e3, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9014-5008","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge M. 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