{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T15:34:12Z","timestamp":1776785652345,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]],"date-time":"2022-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency","award":["UIDB\/50014\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50014\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agriculture"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In view of the actual climate change scenario felt across the globe, resource management is crucial, especially with regard to water. In this sense, continuous monitoring of plant water status is essential to optimise not only crop management but also water resources. Currently, monitoring of vine water status is done through expensive and time-consuming methods that do not allow continuous monitoring, which is especially inconvenient in places with difficult access. The aim of the developed work was to install three groups of sensors (Environmental, Plant and Soil) in a vineyard and connect them through LoRaWAN protocol for data transmission. The results demonstrate that the implemented system is capable of continuous data communication without data loss. The reduced cost and superior range of LoRaWAN compared to WiFi or Bluetooth is especially important for applications in remote areas where cellular networks have little coverage. Altogether, this methodology provides a remote, continuous and more effective method to monitor plant water status and is capable of supporting producers in more efficient management of their farms and water resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12101695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,16]],"date-time":"2022-10-16T21:10:10Z","timestamp":1665954610000},"page":"1695","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["A LoRaWAN IoT System for Smart Agriculture for Vine Water Status Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5798-1298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Valente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3055-3549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CISeD\u2014Research Centre in Digital Services, Polytechnic of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2830-6506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoLAB Vines&Wines\u2014National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Edif\u00edcio Centro de Excel\u00eancia da Vinha e do Vinho, R\u00e9gia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2841-5905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CoLAB Vines&Wines\u2014National Collaborative Laboratory for the Portuguese Wine Sector, Associa\u00e7\u00e3o para o Desenvolvimento da Viticultura Duriense (ADVID), Edif\u00edcio Centro de Excel\u00eancia da Vinha e do Vinho, R\u00e9gia Douro Park, 5000-033 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7902-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INESC TEC\u2014INESC Technology and Science, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Research Centre in Digitalization and Intelligent Robotics (CeDRI) and Laborat\u00f3rio para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5862-5706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salviano","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Sciences and Technology, UTAD, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"IEETA\u2014Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2010). 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