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the European Union NextGenerationEU Fund","award":["Interface Mission RE-C05-i02"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Interface Mission RE-C05-i02"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agriculture"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Almond production plays a very significant role in the Portuguese socio-economic context, especially with regard to dried fruit production. Indeed, Portugal is the third largest almond producer in Europe, producing 41,450 t of almonds in shells in 2021. This is due to its edaphoclimatic conditions that are favorable for its production. Traditionally, the north region of \u201cTr\u00e1s-os-Montes\u201d has stood out as one of the most relevant for Portuguese almond production and bioeconomy. However, production in \u201cAlentejo\u201c and \u201cBeira Interior\u201d will surpass the northern region in a short time as a result of the installation of new orchards. Despite its importance, there is a need to uncover genetic traits underlying phenotypic desirable traits needed to improve yield and quality but also cope and mitigate the impacts of climate change on their production. To address this, it is important to characterize the genetic resources available and the germplasm collection since they are crucial players for conservation and breeding initiatives. In this review, we describe the main cultivars of almonds cultivated in Portugal and their productive challenges. We also provide an overview of the main genetic resources available, breeding goals, and accomplishments regarding their improvement towards biotic and abiotic constraints in both Portugal and the rest of the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture13091716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]],"date-time":"2023-08-30T09:48:15Z","timestamp":1693388895000},"page":"1716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Positioning Portugal in the Context of World Almond Production and Research"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carolina Ribeiro","family":"Campos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0476-0261","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0837-4408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6331-5729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Braga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana de Sousa","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit|North Delegation, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"given":"H\u00e9lia","family":"Sales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 2, Lagares da Beira, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Pontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 2, Lagares da Beira, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Nossa Senhora da Concei\u00e7\u00e3o, 2, Lagares da Beira, 3405-155 Oliveira do Hospital, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.11646\/phytotaxa.261.3.1","article-title":"The Number of Known Plants Species in the World and Its Annual Increase","volume":"261","author":"Christenhusz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytotaxa"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"205","article-title":"Molecular Analyses of Evolution and Population Structure in a Worldwide Almond [Prunus Dulcis (Mill.) 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