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This study aims to (1) identify globally reported pests and diseases, (2) analyze their distribution patterns, and (3) assess their impact on rice productivity. A literature-based assessment with an initial pool of 15,969 articles from three online databases (PubMed, WOS, and CAB Abstract) resulted in 871 articles for analysis. The findings highlight a regional focus on Africa and Asia, where rice is predominantly produced. Pest occurrence varies across continents, with Diopsis, Maliarpha, and Chilo being prevalent in Africa, while Nilaparvata, Scirpophaga, Sogatella, and Chilo dominate in Asia. Key pathogens differ across regions, with Pyricularia, Xanthomonas, and Sobemovirus in Africa, while Fusarium and Bipolaris are common in Asia. Major yield losses are attributed to Pyricularia (Blast disease), Bipolaris (Brown Spot), Fusarium (Bakanae), and Sobemovirus (Rice Yellow Mottle Virus). The lack of data from major rice producers like Myanmar highlights reporting gaps, urging future research. This study enhances the global understanding of rice pest and disease distribution and their impacts on productivity. It could also support early warning systems and assess the effectiveness of control methods in the context of climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15070667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T07:25:00Z","timestamp":1742541900000},"page":"667","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Rice Pests and Diseases Around the World: Literature-Based Assessment with Emphasis on Africa and Asia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4579-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Conde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF, Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8915-6647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Catarino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CE3C, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6884-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f3nia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIBIO, Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o em Biodiversidade e Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos, InBIO Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vair\u00e3o, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8254-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Padr\u00e3o","family":"Temudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CEF, Forest Research Centre, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1505-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipa","family":"Monteiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"CE3C, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes & CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1017\/S1742758400010547","article-title":"The development of Aspavia armigera Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) and its status as a pest of cowpea and rice","volume":"11","author":"Ewete","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int. 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