{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:17:15Z","timestamp":1760059035230,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747440000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds through FCT\u2014Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Agricultural Production Chains\u2014from fork to farm","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Social Funds","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Regional Operational Programme Norte 2020","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES (PIDDAC), CIMO","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]},{"name":"SusTEC","award":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/113612\/2015","UIDB\/04033\/2020","LA\/P\/0126\/2020","PD\/00122\/2012","UIDB\/00690\/2020","UIDP\/00690\/2020","LA\/P\/0007\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agriculture"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The ability of selenium (Se) to trigger modifications in plant metabolism, thereby triggering tolerance to abiotic stresses, is well established. This research aimed to understand the following: (1) how Se supplementation in wheat plants can lead to beneficial Se concentrations in grains and straw; (2) whether the applied Se concentrations have any negative impacts on plant performance; and (3) if Se can aid wheat development under water-limited conditions. To address this, we evaluated the physiological, biochemical, and morphological effects of foliar Se application on wheat plants subjected to well-watered (WW, full irrigation) and water-deficit (WD, 25% of full irrigation) regimes. Three foliar concentrations of sodium selenate (Se) solution (0, 16, and 160 g ha\u22121 Se) were tested. Under WW, treatment with 160 g\/ha leads to the highest Se content in straw (4253 \u00b1 171 \u00b5g plant\u22121), enhanced straw biomass accumulation, and increased total soluble sugar content. WW plants treated with 16 g\/ha Se were found to have the highest amounts of photosynthetic pigments and total soluble proteins. Under WD, Se treatments increased spike length, total phenols, and ortho-diphenols when compared to Se-untreated plants. In general, Se treatments increased the Se contents in both straw and grains, but with a noticeably higher accumulation in straw. Altogether, the results suggest that foliar application of 160 g\/ha Se, under irrigation, is a promissory approach to enhance Se content in bread wheat.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture15101086","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T03:51:03Z","timestamp":1747626663000},"page":"1086","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Biomass, Physiological, and Antioxidant Activity Responses of Wheat Plants After Selenium Foliar Spray Under Water Deficit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"MORE\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Colaborativo Montanhas de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Edificio do Brigantia Ecopark, Av\u00aa Cidade de Leon, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-6712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MORE\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Colaborativo Montanhas de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Edificio do Brigantia Ecopark, Av\u00aa Cidade de Leon, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMO\u2014Mountain Research Center, LA SusTEC\u2014Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Inland Regions, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1563-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MORE\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Colaborativo Montanhas de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Edificio do Brigantia Ecopark, Av\u00aa Cidade de Leon, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMO\u2014Mountain Research Center, LA SusTEC\u2014Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Inland Regions, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2370-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6606-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aureliano C.","family":"Malheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susana","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MORE\u2014Laborat\u00f3rio Colaborativo Montanhas de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o, Edificio do Brigantia Ecopark, Av\u00aa Cidade de Leon, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CIMO\u2014Mountain Research Center, LA SusTEC\u2014Associated Laboratory for Sustainability and Technology in Inland Regions, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lima-Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moutinho-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1039\/C3MT00185G","article-title":"Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health","volume":"6","author":"Roman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.17221\/284\/2015-PSE","article-title":"Effects of selenium fertilizer on grain yield, Se uptake and distribution in common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench)","volume":"61","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.17221\/823\/2013-PSE","article-title":"Selenium biofortification of rice and radish: Effect of soil texture and efficiency of two extractants","volume":"60","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Soil 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