{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,12]],"date-time":"2026-11-12T17:09:33Z","timestamp":1794503373124,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AgriEngineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This research investigated the best economically viable power source with the least environmental impact and socially acceptable for the maize crop. Maize is one of the key economic crops in Pakistan. Solar-, electric-, and diesel-powered drip irrigation systems (DIS) were considered for comparative study. We selected 45 sites of maize crop to collect the data, with an area of 1\u20133 ha, from three divisions. For economic viability, the benefit:cost ratio, life cycle cost, and payback period were calculated, and CO2 emissions were calculated to assess the environmental impact. The SPSS model was used for one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc and chi-squared tests to check the significance level between all power sources. It was found that the B-C of electric power, solar, and diesel drip irrigation systems was 1.65, 1.52, and 1.44, respectively. Solar, diesel, and electricity power DIS have CO2 emissions of 0.02, 0.730, and 1.106 tons\/ha, respectively. The research concludes that solar power and electric power are the best sources for the environment and economically, respectively. It is recommended that solar power DIS be subsidized, which will help to lower CO2 emissions and reduce the electricity shortfall in Pakistan.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering5010016","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,27]],"date-time":"2023-01-27T03:02:48Z","timestamp":1674788568000},"page":"236-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Socioeconomic and Environmental Impact Assessment of Different Power-Sourced Drip Irrigation Systems in Punjab, Pakistan"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Iftkhar","family":"Ul Hussan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture (Water Management), Government of Punjab, Lahore 54700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Nadeem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3568-1980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad","family":"Yamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5250-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sikandar","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural Remote Sensing Lab, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Mubashar","family":"Omar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaheer","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mamoona","family":"Zulfiqar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Excellence in Water Resources Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore 54700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tallat","family":"Mahmood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture (Water Management), Government of Punjab, Lahore 54700, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ashraf, M. 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