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(Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) (VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization)","award":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"]}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia, I.P. (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology) (VALORIZA\u2014Research Centre for Endogenous Resource Valorization)","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"]}]},{"name":"HubRAM","award":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"HubRAM","award":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"]}]},{"name":"HubRAM","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"]}]},{"name":"USAM SuLei\u2013Uma Sa\u00fade para a Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Segura de Antimicrobianos na Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Su\u00ednos e Leite de Bovino (LA 2.4)","award":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05064\/2020"]}]},{"name":"USAM SuLei\u2013Uma Sa\u00fade para a Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Segura de Antimicrobianos na Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Su\u00ednos e Leite de Bovino (LA 2.4)","award":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-l-000199"]}]},{"name":"USAM SuLei\u2013Uma Sa\u00fade para a Utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o Segura de Antimicrobianos na Produ\u00e7\u00e3o de Su\u00ednos e Leite de Bovino (LA 2.4)","award":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRR-C05-i03-I-000173-LA2.4"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AgriEngineering"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heat stress has been identified as one of the main challenges for dairy production systems, particularly in the context of global warming. This one-year study aimed to evaluate the impact of heat stress on milk yield and composition in a dairy farm located in the Elvas region of Portugal. A pack of electronic sensors was installed in the lactating animal facilities, allowing continuous recording of environmental data (temperature, humidity, ammonia and carbon dioxide). Based on these data, the Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) was automatically calculated on a daily basis, with the values subsequently aggregated into 7-day moving averages and integrated with milk production records, somatic cell count, and milk fat and protein content. The results indicate a significant influence of THI on both milk yield and composition, particularly on protein and fat content. The relationships between the variables were found to be non-linear, which contrasts with some results described in the literature. These discrepancies may be related to genetic differences between animals, variations in diets, production levels, management conditions, or the statistical models used in previous studies. Dry matter intake proved to be an important predictive variable. These findings reinforce the importance of ensuring animal welfare through continuous environmental monitoring and the implementation of effective heat stress mitigation strategies in the dairy sector.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering7070231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T15:36:58Z","timestamp":1752161818000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Digital Environmental Management of Heat Stress Effects on Milk Yield and Composition in a Portuguese Dairy Farm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Daniela","family":"Pinto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University-Lisbon University Centre, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6328-8097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rute","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2013Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Edif\u00edcio BioBIP Campus Polit\u00e9cnico 10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carolina","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diessen Servi\u00e7os Veterin\u00e1rios, Travessa dos Portugais, n 6, 7000-640 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0594-6076","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester","family":"Bartolom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Agronom\u00eda, Escuela T\u00e9cnica Superior de Ingenier\u00eda Agrom\u00f3mica, Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Seville, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Niza-Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vet-OncoNet, Population Studies Department, ICBAS\u2013Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Epidemiology Unit (EPIUnit), Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto (ISPUP), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas 135, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Cara d\u2019","family":"Anjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGAV-Dire\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral de Alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o e Veterin\u00e1ria, Campo Grande 50, 1700-093 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-3601","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I-MVET Research in Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lus\u00f3fona University-Lisbon University Centre, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6947-4368","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds Alcino","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"VALORIZA\u2013Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Edif\u00edcio BioBIP Campus Polit\u00e9cnico 10, 7300-555 Portalegre, Portugal"},{"name":"InovTechAgro\u2014National Skills Center for Technological Innovation in the Agroforestry Sector, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jabade, V., Mhetre, M.B., Mali, P.P., and Mor, A.G. 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