{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:14:49Z","timestamp":1760145289342,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]],"date-time":"2024-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Cooperation to Development and Solidarity Office of the University of the Balearic Islands (Oficina de Cooperaci\u00f3 al Desenvolupament i Solidaritat of the Universitat de les Illes Balears OCDS-UIB)"},{"name":"the Council of Social Affairs, Promotion and Inmigration"},{"name":"the General Directorate of Cooperation (Conselleria d\u2019Afers Socials, Promoci\u00f3 i Inmigraci\u00f3, i Direcci\u00f3 General de Cooperaci\u00f3) of the Government of the Autonomic Community of the Balearic Islands (Govern de les Illes Balears)CAIB, Spain"},{"name":"1st Scholarship Program of Support to the Applied Research in Cooperation to Development 2010\u20132011"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agrochemicals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The food security of Lima\u2014Peru\u2019s capital city, which shelters over 30% of the total country\u2019s population\u2014depends on the food production of its nearest agricultural areas, the Chancay-Huaral and Chill\u00f3n valleys, wherein agrochemicals are widely used. This study primarily aimed to determine the characteristics of pesticide use in these two valleys, located 83 and 30 km north of Lima City, respectively. A second aim was to assess whether proximity to Lima provides access to technical assistance regarding agricultural activities. A questionnaire-based survey assessing socioeconomic aspects, occupational exposure, and agrochemical-related knowledge was conducted on a sample of 102 participants (farmers and fieldworkers). The results revealed that the average age for starting to handle pesticides was 15 years, while life-long occupational-exposure averaged 30 years. Most pesticides used were organophosphates and carbamates. Personal protective equipment was not used and, therefore, dermal exposure and inhalation were major routes of intoxication. Despite their proximity to Lima, both valleys lack an official agronomic advisory agency, and this void has been occupied by agrochemical manufacturing companies and trading houses focused on increasing their sales. Based on the results, it is urgent to implement an official technical advisory service and a capacity-building program on pesticide use in Peru, as well as the implementation of measures for improved control, trade, and storage of pesticides. Simultaneously, a permanent epidemiological surveillance at the country level is needed to improve public health and to contribute to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations\u2019 2030 Agenda in Peru.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agrochemicals3030013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T08:45:34Z","timestamp":1719996334000},"page":"181-208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Insights on the Use of Pesticides in Two Main Food-Supplier Coastal Valleys of Lima City, Peru"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2057-4565","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perla N.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Dulanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Group on Non-Linear Waves (ONL), Department of Physics, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"},{"name":"Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru, Av. La Molina s\/n, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru"}]},{"given":"Oliver","family":"V\u00f6gler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Group of Advanced Therapies and Biomarkers in Clinical Oncology, Research Institute of Health Sciences (IUNICS-IdISBa) Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra. Valldemossa km 7.5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain"}]},{"given":"Salom\u00f3n","family":"Helfgott-Lerner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Science Department, Faculty of Agronomy, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Peru, Av. La Molina s\/n, La Molina, Lima 12, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6639-6138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando P.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico\/Campus Tecnol\u00f3gico Nuclear, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Butler, R.A. (2024, May 15). The Top 10 Most Biodiverse Countries. Mongabay. Available online: https:\/\/news.mongabay.com\/2016\/05\/top-10-biodiverse-countries\/."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pulgar-Vidal, J. (2014). Las ocho regiones naturales del Per\u00fa. Terra Brasilis. Rev. Rede Brasil. Hist. Geograf. e Geograf. 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