{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T14:55:07Z","timestamp":1775141707133,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DL 57\/2016\/CP1382\/CT0021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020 and UIDP\/04129\/2020."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020 and UIDP\/04129\/2020."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The south of Portugal is one of the regions that will be most affected by the impacts of climate change (CC), with an expected increase in water scarcity. Irrigated super-intensive olive orchards occupy a large area of the used agricultural surface in the Alentejo region, south of Portugal, making it necessary to adapt this crop to the effects of CC. This study assessed the impacts of CC and defined adaptation measures concerning irrigation management of the super-intensive olive orchard. To compute the crop irrigation requirement (CIR), the soil water balance model ISAREG was combined with climate data relative to the reference period 1971\u20132000 and to the representative concentration pathways RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 for the periods 2011\u20132040, 2041\u20132070, and 2071\u20132100. The growing degree-days (GDD) approach was used to estimate olive phenology for these CC scenarios. Unchanged irrigation management with an average CIR increase up to 16% in RCP4.5 and 31% in RCP8.5 is expected. By adopting higher levels of water deficit, water savings of up to 22% can be realized. The results showed that the anticipated CIR increase for the CC scenarios can be mitigated through regulated deficit irrigation strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11081658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1629449085000},"page":"1658","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Climate Change Adaptation Measures in the Irrigation of a Super-Intensive Olive Orchard in the South of Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L08707","DOI":"10.1029\/2006GL025734","article-title":"Climate change hot-spots","volume":"33","author":"Giorgi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geophys. Res. Lett."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Barros, V.R., Field, C.B., Dokken, D.J., Mastrandrea, M.D., Mach, K.J., Bilir, T.E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K.L., Estrada, Y.O., and Genova, R.C. (2014). Europe. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part B: Regional Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"29","article-title":"Mudan\u00e7a Clim\u00e1tica","volume":"Volume 12","author":"Miranda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cultivar. Cadernos de An\u00e1lise e Prospective"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"57","article-title":"Observa\u00e7\u00f5es Alteradas no Clima Atual e Cen\u00e1rios Clim\u00e1ticos em Portugal Continental-Influ\u00eancia no Setor Agr\u00edcola","volume":"Volume 12","author":"Pires","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cultivar. Cadernos de An\u00e1lise e Prospective"},{"key":"ref_5","unstructured":"Field, C.B., Barros, V.R., Dokken, D.J., Mach, K.J., Mastrandrea, M.D., Bilir, T.E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K.L., Estrada, Y.O., and Genova, R.C. (2014). Freshwater Resources. Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1007\/s11269-015-0947-5","article-title":"Water Resources Impact Assessment Under Climate Change Scenarios in Mediterranean Watersheds","volume":"29","author":"Mourato","year":"2015","journal-title":"Water Resour. Manag."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"(2021, May 21). Empresa de Desenvolvimento e Infra-Estruturas do Alqueva. Anu\u00e1rio Agr\u00edcola de Alqueva 2020. Available online: https:\/\/www.edia.pt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/Anuario_Agricola_Alqueva_2020_ii.pdf."},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"148","article-title":"Necessidades h\u00eddricas do olival no Alentejo e projec\u00e7\u00f5es para o per\u00edodo 2071\u20132100","volume":"4","author":"Paulo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Unidade Investig. Inst. Polit\u00e9cnico St."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ird.1996","article-title":"The Impacts of Climate Change on Irrigated Agriculture in Southern Portugal","volume":"66","author":"Rolim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Irrig. Drain."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-007-0035-3","article-title":"Climate change impacts on irrigation water requirements in the Guadalquivir river basin in Spain","volume":"7","author":"Weatherhead","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.05.019","article-title":"Impacts of climate change on olive crop evapotranspiration and irrigation requirements in the Mediterranean region","volume":"144","author":"Tanasijevic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.12.012","article-title":"Climate change impacts on irrigated agriculture in the Guadiana river basin (Portugal)","volume":"152","author":"Valverde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2014.05.008","article-title":"Climate change and Mediterranean agriculture: Impacts on winter wheat and tomato crop evapotranspiration, irrigation requirements and yield","volume":"147","author":"Saadi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2018.04.008","article-title":"Evaluation of olive response and adaptation strategies to climate change under semi-arid conditions","volume":"204","author":"Lorite","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2020.106193","article-title":"Olive tree irrigation as a climate change adaptation measure in Alentejo, Portugal","volume":"237","author":"Fraga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soares, D., Rolim, J., Fradinho, M.J., and Pa\u00e7o, T.A.D. (2020). Climate Change Impacts on Irrigation Requirements of Preserved Forage for Horses under Mediterranean Conditions. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10111758"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeleke, K. (2021). Simulating Agronomic Adaptation Strategies to Mitigate the Impacts of Climate Change on Wheat Yield in South-Eastern Australia. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11020337"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agrformet.2004.02.009","article-title":"Modelling olive flowering date using chilling for dormancy release and thermal time","volume":"125","author":"Abreu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"29","article-title":"ISAREG an irrigation scheduling model","volume":"41","author":"Teixeira","year":"1992","journal-title":"ICID Bull."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Fernando, R.M., and Pereira, L.S. (2013). Water Balance Simulation with ISAREG Considering Water Table Interactions. Proc. World Congr. Comput. Agric. Nat. Resour. USA, 857."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-0129-8_15","article-title":"Simulation of Supplemental Irrigation Strategies for Wheat in Near East to Cope with Water Scarcity","volume":"Volume 44","author":"Rossi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Tools for Drought Mitigation in Mediterranean Regions"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/02508060308691727","article-title":"Multicriteria Analysis For Water Productivity in the Jordan Valley","volume":"28","year":"2003","journal-title":"Water Int."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2006.02.010","article-title":"Modelling for Improved Irrigation Water Management in a Temperate Region of Northern Spain","volume":"94","author":"Cancela","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1002\/ird.390","article-title":"Cotton irrigation scheduling in central Asia: Model calibration and validation with consideration of groundwater contribution","volume":"57","author":"Cholpankulov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Irrig. Drain."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2010.11.009","article-title":"Modelling for maize irrigation scheduling using long term experimental data from Plovdiv region, Bulgaria","volume":"98","author":"Popova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_26","first-page":"62","article-title":"Impact of climate change on maize yield in South Bulgaria","volume":"15","author":"Popova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bulg. J. Meteorol. Hydrol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pa\u00e7o, T.A., Paredes, P., Pereira, L.S., Silvestre, J., and Santos, F.L. (2019). Crop Coefficients and Transpiration of a Super Intensive Arbequina Olive Orchard using the Dual Kc Approach and the Kcb Computation with the Fraction of Ground Cover and Height. Water, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/w11020383"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1007\/s10113-013-0499-2","article-title":"EURO-CORDEX: New high-resolution climate change projections for European impact research","volume":"14","author":"Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reg. Environ. Chang."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Stocker, T.F., Qin, D., Plattner, G.-K., Tignor, M., Allen, S.K., Boschung, J., Nauels, A., Xia, Y., Bex, V., and Midgley, P.M. (2013). The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge University Press."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(00)00157-X","article-title":"CO2 enrichment and soil nitrogen effects on wheat evapotranspiration and water use efficiency","volume":"104","author":"Hunsaker","year":"2000","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, J., Fraga, H., Fonseca, A., and Santos, J. (2021). Climate Projections for Precipitation and Temperature Indicators in the Douro Wine Region: The Importance of Bias Correction. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11050990"},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"European Environment Agency (2019). Climate Change Adaptation in the Agriculture Sector in Europe, Eionet\u2014European Environment Information and Observation Network. EEA Report No 04\/2019."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fraga, H., Moriondo, M., Leolini, L., and Santos, J.A. (2021). Mediterranean Olive Orchards under Climate Change: A Review of Future Impacts and Adaptation Strategies. Agronomy, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11010056"},{"key":"ref_34","unstructured":"Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and International Union of Soil Sciences (2015). World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014. International Soil Classification System for Naming Soils and Creating Legends for Soil Maps-Update 2015, Food and Agriculture Organization. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106."},{"key":"ref_35","unstructured":"Cardoso, J.V.J.C. (1965). Os Solos de Portugal. Sua Classifica\u00e7\u00e3o, Caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o e G\u00e9nese. Secretaria de Estado da Agricultura, Direc\u00e7\u00e3o-Geral dos Servi\u00e7os Agr\u00edcolas."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180214","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.214","article-title":"Present and future K\u00f6ppen-Geiger climate classification maps at 1-km resolution","volume":"5","author":"Beck","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"International Project Management Association (2021, May 12). Climate Normals\u20141971\u20132000. Available online: https:\/\/www.ipma.pt\/en\/oclima\/normais.clima\/1971-2000\/#557."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Allen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D., and Smith, M. (2008). Crop Evapotranspiration. Guidelines for Computing Crop Water Requirements, Food and Agriculture Organization. Food and Agriculture Organization Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.13031\/2013.2677","article-title":"Effect of axle load, tire inflation pressure, and tillage system on soil physical properties and crop yield of a jordanian soil","volume":"43","year":"2000","journal-title":"Trans. ASAE"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.9277","article-title":"Parametric calibration of the Hargreaves-Samani equation for use at new locations","volume":"27","author":"Shahidian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hydrol. Process."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"676","article-title":"Regional analysis and calibration for the South of Portugal of a simple evapotranspiration model for use in an autonomous landscape irrigation controller","volume":"8","author":"Teixeira","year":"2008","journal-title":"WSEAS Trans. Environ. Dev."},{"key":"ref_42","unstructured":"Pachauri, R.K., and Meyer, L.A. (2014). Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Climate Change 2014, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."},{"key":"ref_43","unstructured":"Instituto Portugu\u00eas do Mar e da Atmosfera, and Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias da Universidade de Lisboa (2021, May 21). Portal do Clima, Altera\u00e7\u00f5es Clim\u00e1ticas em Portugal. Available online: http:\/\/portaldoclima.pt\/pt\/."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-006-9215-2","article-title":"Assessing climate change impacts on hydrology from an ensemble of regional climate models, model scales and linking methods\u2014A case study on the Lule River basin","volume":"81","author":"Graham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.5194\/hess-11-1145-2007","article-title":"Estimates of future discharges of the river Rhine using two scenario methodologies: Direct versus delta approach","volume":"11","author":"Lenderink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1007\/s00382-014-2130-8","article-title":"Evaluation of delta change and bias correction methods for future daily precipitation: Intermodel cross-validation using ENSEMBLES simulations","volume":"42","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clim. Dyn."},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"768","article-title":"Riego deficitario del olival: Los programas de recorte de riego en olivar","volume":"746","author":"Pastor","year":"1994","journal-title":"Agric. Rev. Agropecu\u00e1ria Ganad."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-7348.2002.tb00167.x","article-title":"Phenological growth stages of olive trees (Olea europaea)","volume":"140","author":"Badenes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann. Appl. Biol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-013-1704-2","article-title":"A regulated deficit irrigation strategy for hedgerow olive orchards with high plant density","volume":"372","author":"Cuevas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Soil"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(97)00027-0","article-title":"Growing degree-days: One equation, two interpretations","volume":"87","author":"Mcmaster","year":"1997","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2013.12.003","article-title":"Understanding olive adaptation to abiotic stresses as a tool to increase crop performance","volume":"103","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kokkotos, E., Zotos, A., and Patakas, A. (2020). Evaluation of Water Stress Coefficient Ks in Different Olive Orchards. Agronomy, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy10101594"},{"key":"ref_53","unstructured":"Ferreyra, R., Sell\u00e9s Van, G., and Sell\u00e9s, I. (2001). Riego Deficitario Controlado en Olivos, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. [1st ed.]."},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"184","article-title":"Heat requirement for the onset of the Olea europaea L. pollen season in several sites in Andalusia and the effect of the expected future climate change","volume":"49","author":"Ruiz","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Biometeorol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1080\/14620316.2008.11512366","article-title":"Influence of temperature on the growth and development of olive ( Olea europaea L.) trees","volume":"83","author":"Ribas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hortic. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00704-011-0500-2","article-title":"Assessment of the impact of climate change on the olive flowering in Calabria (southern Italy)","volume":"107","author":"Avolio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Clim."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.5604\/12321966.1167706","article-title":"Phenological changes in olive (Ola europaea L.) reproductive cycle in southern Spain due to climate change","volume":"22","author":"Oteros","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Agric. Environ. Med."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-018-2337-5","article-title":"Climate change projections for chilling and heat forcing conditions in European vineyards and olive orchards: A multi-model assessment","volume":"152","author":"Fraga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clim. Chang."},{"key":"ref_59","first-page":"30","article-title":"Ensayos en plantaciones de olivar superintensivas e intensivas","volume":"218","author":"Pastor","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vida Rural"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2015.03.045","article-title":"Moderate regulated deficit irrigation can increase olive oil yields and decrease tree growth in super high density \u2018Arbequina\u2019 olive orchards","volume":"190","author":"Rosecrance","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci. Hortic."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00271-016-0505-9","article-title":"Effects of different irrigation regimes on a super-high-density olive grove cv. \u201cArbequina\u201d: Vegetative growth, productivity and polyphenol content of the oil","volume":"34","author":"Marra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Irrig. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2018.02.008","article-title":"Olive oil quality response to irrigation cut-off strategies in a super-high density orchard","volume":"202","author":"Searles","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agric. Water Manag."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.9734\/JEAI\/2018\/44582","article-title":"Irrigation Scheduling Optimisation in Olive Groves","volume":"28","author":"Capra","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Exp. Agric. Int."}],"container-title":["Agronomy"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4395\/11\/8\/1658\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:47:45Z","timestamp":1760165265000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4395\/11\/8\/1658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["agronomy11081658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/agronomy11081658","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4395"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4395","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]}}}