{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:23:06Z","timestamp":1760235786204,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A simple empirical approach is proposed for the determination of crop relative yield (%) through the soil total water potential (kPa). Recurring to decimal logarithms, from analytical exponential expressions, a linear simple relationship of soil total water potential \u03a8t (matric \u03a8m + potential \u03a8o) function and crop relative yield was studied and developed. The combination of the salinity model, the soil water retention model and the matric potential approach were used to reach this objective. The representation of turfgrass crop relative yield (%) versus a function of soil total water potential f(\u03a8t) values was shown through a log-normal graph (y = a + mx); the log scale axis \u201cy\u201d (ordinates) defines relative yield Yr, being two the origin ordinate \u201ca\u201d and \u201cm\u201d the slope; the normal decimal scale axis \u201cx\u201d (abscissa) is the function of soil total water potential f(\u03a8t). Hence, it is possible, using only two experimental points, to define a simple linear relation between a function of soil total water potential and crop relative yield, for a soil matric potential value lower than \u221220 kPa. This approach was first tested on golf courses (perennial turfgrass fields), but it was further decided to extend it to other annual crop fields, focused on the model generalization. The experimental plots were established, respectively, in Algarve, Alentejo and Oeiras (Portugal) and in the North Negev (Israel). Sprinkler and trickle irrigation systems, under randomized blocks and\/or water and salt gradient techniques, were used for water application with a precise irrigation water and salt distribution. Results indicated that there is a high agreement between the experimental and the prediction values (R2 = 0.92). Moreover, the precision of this very simple and easy tool applied to turfgrass fields and other irrigated soils, including their crop yields, under several different sites and climatic conditions, can contribute to its generalization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy11101916","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]],"date-time":"2021-09-24T20:15:32Z","timestamp":1632514532000},"page":"1916","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Linear Relationship of a Soil Total Water Potential Function and Relative Yield\u2014A Technique to Control Salinity and Water Stress on Golf Courses and Other Irrigated Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jose","family":"Beltrao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Edif\u00edcio 8, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Professor Doutor Joaquim Ver\u00edssimo Serr\u00e3o, Casa de Portugal e de Cam\u00f5es, 2005-157 Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8746-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulom","family":"Bekmirzaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Irrigation and Melioration, Faculty of Hydromelioration, Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers, Kori-Niyoziy Str. 39, Tashkent 100000, Uzbekistan"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2408-7107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiftah","family":"Ben Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bjacob Blaustein Institute for Desert Research, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rua Padre Ant\u00f3nio Vieira, 24 Unidade de I&D Centro de Geo-Sistemas, CVRM Instituto Superior T\u00e9cnico\u2014Lisbon, 8100-611 Loul\u00e9, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8073-2097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Panagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias e Tecnologia, Campus de Gambelas, Edif\u00edcio 8, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Sweet corn response to combined effects of saline water and nitrogen fertilization","volume":"335","author":"Magnusson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"231","article-title":"A curva te\u00f3rica do pF e a sua import\u00e2ncia na economia da \u00e1gua do solo","volume":"8","author":"Gomes","year":"1960","journal-title":"Garcia Horta"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"103","article-title":"Le contr\u00f4le des doses d\u2019irrigation par le tensiom\u00e8tre Hommes","volume":"12","author":"Beltrao","year":"1982","journal-title":"Terre Eaux"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2019.105832","article-title":"Coping with salinity in irrigated agriculture: Crop evapotranspiration and water management issues","volume":"227","author":"Minhas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agric. 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