{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T16:15:15Z","timestamp":1762272915823,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]],"date-time":"2022-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653955200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness","award":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"]}]},{"name":"MCIN\/AEI\/10.13039\/501100011033 and \u201cERDF A Way of Making Europe\u201d","award":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2013Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"]}]},{"name":"SEXPE of the Extremadura Regional Government, with co-financing from the ESF Investing in Your Future","award":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AGL2013-48446-C3-2-R","RTI2018-095461-B-I00","GR21038","IB16075","TE-0042-18"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The olive oil industry produces high amounts of waste, which need to be valorized in a more sustainable way as an alternative to its traditional use as an energy source, with high associated CO2 emissions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops for global food security; however, the traditional cropping systems under flooding lead to an important decrease of soil quality, as well as relevant emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG). The aim of this study was to assess the GHG emission from rice fields amended with composted two-phase olive mill waste (C-TPOW), in Mediterranean conditions. A field experiment was carried in rice cultivated by the traditional system, either unamended (Control) or amended with C-TPOW (Compost). GHG emissions were measured over three years following a single C-TPOW application (80 Mg ha\u22121 only in the first year of study), so that the results found in the first and third years correspond to its direct and residual effects, respectively. Compost decreased CO2 emissions relative to Control by 13% and 20% in the first and third year after C-TPOW application, respectively. However, in the case of CH4 and N2O, increases in the total cumulative emission were recorded in Compost relative to Control throughout the study, in agreement with the highest \u03b2-glucosidase and urease activity observed in the amended soil. The values of global warming potential (GWP) and yield-scaled GWP increased by 14% and 11%, respectively, in Compost relative to Control in the first year, but no significant differences between treatments were observed three years after application for GWP and yield-scaled GWP. Therefore, the use of C-TPOW as soil amendment in rice fields could be a good option since its impact on GHG emissions seems to decrease over time, while the benefit for soil remained clear even after 3 years.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12061344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]],"date-time":"2022-06-01T03:33:18Z","timestamp":1654054398000},"page":"1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Direct and Residual Impacts of Olive-Mill Waste Application to Rice Soil on Greenhouse Gas Emission and Global Warming Potential under Mediterranean Conditions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2467-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dami\u00e1n","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Producci\u00f3n Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Agrarias\u2014IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6101-9210","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David Paulo","family":"Fangueiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LEAF\u2014Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"David Pe\u00f1a","family":"Abades","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Agrarias\u2014IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Ctra de C\u00e1ceres, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"Albarr\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Producci\u00f3n Vegetal, Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Agrarias\u2014IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7162-1398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Manuel","family":"Rato-Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Portalegre, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Elvas, 7300-110 Portalegre, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8862-6697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Pi\u00f1eiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u00c1rea de Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola, Facultad de Ciencias\u2014IACYS, Universidad de Extremadura, Avda de Elvas s\/n, 06071 Badajoz, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108583","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2019.108583","article-title":"Toward the valorization of olive (Olea europaea var. europaea L.) biodiversity: Horticultural performance of seven Sicilian cultivars in a hedgerow planting system","volume":"256","author":"Marino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. 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