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We investigated the effects of Se seed soaking as a pre-sowing treatment in bread wheat. Five soaking periods and six Se concentrations were assessed on germination and seedling traits and compared to unsoaked seeds. Twelve hours of soaking was found beneficial for most tested Se concentrations. Then, we evaluated the effects of untreated, 0, 2.5 and 25 mM Se in 12 h seed soaking treatments along the wheat crop cycle under water-deficit (WD) and well-watered (WW) conditions in a pot experiment. Our results evidenced that 12 h of 2.5 mM Se soaking did not affect the germination percentage, and speed-up seedling emergence resulted in a considerable Se seed uptake. These plants also displayed enhanced antioxidant capacity and vegetative biomass accumulation, especially under WD. The treatment with 25 mM of Se negatively affected aerial biomass, suggesting potential toxicity. Physiological responses of Se-treated plants remained unchanged, as well as grain traits. Altogether, we propose that 12 h soaking with 2.5 mM Se is a promissory pre-sowing approach to enrich bread wheat grain and straw, particularly under water-limited environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy12081975","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]],"date-time":"2022-08-21T21:05:51Z","timestamp":1661115951000},"page":"1975","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Seed Soaking with Sodium Selenate as a Biofortification Approach in Bread Wheat: Effects on Germination, Seedling Emergence, Biomass and Responses to Water Deficit"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5190-9279","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Rocha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires 14, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Association BLC3\u2014Technology and Innovation Campus, Centre Bio R&D Unit, Rua Comendador Em\u00edlio Augusto Pires 14, Edif\u00edcio SIDE UP, 5340-257 Macedo de Cavaleiros, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9169-409X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Pavia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry Department, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9373-2216","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Osca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Producci\u00f3n Vegetal, Universitat Polit\u00e8cnica de Val\u00e8ncia, Cam\u00edno de Vera s\/n, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5825-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Moutinho-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6204-009X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lima-Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Plant Cytogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.17221\/823\/2013-PSE","article-title":"Selenium biofortification of rice and radish: Effect of soil texture and efficiency of two extractants","volume":"60","author":"Fernandes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plant Soil Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1079\/NRR200255","article-title":"High-selenium wheat: Biofortification for better health","volume":"16","author":"Lyons","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutr. 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