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Rehabilitation may involve structural changes and thus, a large capital investment. This investment should be proportionate to the increase in climate resilience associated to different rehabilitation alternatives. A methodology framework was developed to evaluate CIS resilience to climate change considering different rehabilitation alternatives. The assessed components were: (i) crop production systems; (ii) on-farm irrigation systems; and (iii) project rehabilitation alternatives for the conveyance and distribution of the irrigation water from the source to the farmer fields. This framework was applied to the Maiorga CIS, in central Portugal, to test the methodology performance in assessing the impacts of climate change on the supply-demand balance of the proposed rehabilitation alternatives and to evaluate their climate resilience, for the representative concentration pathways, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, and two time periods, 2041\u20132070 and 2071\u20132100. For each scenario, period, and rehabilitation alternative, irrigation requirements at the source (demand) and stream flows (supply) were computed and the supply-demand balance was performed. Projected increases in irrigation water demand varied between 5.5% for RCP4.5\/2071\u20132100 and 35.7% for RCP8.5\/2071\u20132100. For RCP4.5, 11% (2050) and 9% (2080) reductions in irrigation water supply were projected, while for RCP8.5 the reduction ranges between 13% (2050) and 30% (2080). The proposed framework determined that the rehabilitation alternatives considering just one type of water source, without flow regularization and with open channel distribution to the farmer\u2019s field, have proved to be unviable due to low resilience to climate change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13030661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,27]],"date-time":"2023-02-27T04:05:40Z","timestamp":1677470740000},"page":"661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Framework for Assessing Collective Irrigation Systems Resilience to Climate Change\u2014The Maiorga Case Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Esteves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Calejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COBA, SA\u2014Avenida 5 de Outubro, 323, 1600-011 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1782-2732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Rolim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Lu\u00eds","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2186-5172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Cameira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosystems Engineering, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food-Research Center, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agwat.2015.08.021","article-title":"Modern viticulture in southern Europe: Vulnerabilities and strategies for adaptation to water scarcity","volume":"164","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agr. 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