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Thus, implementing sustainable soil management practices is crucial to preserve soil health and mitigate the negative effects on plant performance. In this study, we assessed the effects of conventional tillage (T), an early maturing and self-reseeding annual legume cover crop (LC) and its combination with natural zeolites (ZL) on plant physiological performance, tree nutritional status, crop yield, and soil physicochemical and microbiological properties. Although both LC and ZL enhanced the photosynthetic activity, tree nutritional status, soil moisture and olive yield relative to T, ZL was clearly more efficient at improving some soil health indicators, namely at the 0\u201310 cm soil layer, once soil acidity decreased and Kjeldahl N, extractable P and B, cation exchange capacity and microbiological activity increased, as evidenced by the higher concentrations of easily extractable and total glomalin-related soil protein, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass quotient, and actinomycetes. Therefore, using natural zeolite with leguminous cover crops appears to be a promising strategy of sustainable soil management in rainfed olive orchards, as it is able to provide numerous ecosystem services.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13112674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]],"date-time":"2023-10-25T04:14:47Z","timestamp":1698207287000},"page":"2674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Synergy between Zeolites and Leguminous Cover Crops Improved Olive Tree Performance and Soil Properties in a Rainfed Olive Orchard"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7519-4001","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Martins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2370-6084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3599-6712","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MORE\u2014Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research, Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1563-0334","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandre","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MORE\u2014Collaborative Laboratory Mountains of Research, Brigantia Ecopark, 5300-358 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Arrobas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9431-5059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ermelinda","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5367-1129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel \u00c2ngelo","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIMO\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5540-318X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando M.","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CQ-VR\u2014Food and Wine Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Research Centre\u2014Vila Real, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2482-7873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos M.","family":"Correia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CITAB\u2014Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Cover Cropping in Rainfed Fruticulture","volume":"1","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. 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