{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T22:24:25Z","timestamp":1775600665985,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Research Agreement between CIFC\/ISA\/Universidade de Lisboa and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","award":["D22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D22005"]}]},{"name":"Research Agreement between CIFC\/ISA\/Universidade de Lisboa and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Research Agreement between CIFC\/ISA\/Universidade de Lisboa and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)","award":["PE501078996-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501078996-2022"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["D22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D22005"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["PE501078996-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501078996-2022"]}]},{"name":"PROCIENCIA","award":["D22005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D22005"]}]},{"name":"PROCIENCIA","award":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04129\/2020"]}]},{"name":"PROCIENCIA","award":["PE501078996-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PE501078996-2022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coffee leaf rust (CLR), a fungal disease caused by Hemileia vastatrix, represents Peru\u2019s most significant threat to coffee production. The CLR epidemic (2012\u20132013) led Peru to implement an emergency plan under which coffee plantations underwent renewal using rust-resistant varieties derived from a Timor hybrid (HDT; Coffea arabica \u00d7 canephora hybrid) like Catimors. Nevertheless, new pathogenic rust races capable of infecting these varieties have been recorded. Eighteen rust samples from coffee genotypes, such as Caturra, Typica, and Catimor, were collected in various Peruvian regions and sent to CIFC\/ISA\/UL (Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro\/Instituto Superior de Agronomia\/Universidade de Lisboa) in Portugal for race characterization. Assessing the virulence spectra of rust samples on a set of 27 coffee differentials resulted in the identification of 5 known and 2 new races. This study emphasizes the significance of conducting surveys on the diversity of H. vastatrix races in Peru for effective disease management. Moreover, Catimor lines, widely cultivated in coffee-growing countries, are susceptible to the 2 new races and to races XXXIV and XXXV identified in this study. Thus, coffee farmers need to know the resistance spectrum of new varieties before introducing them to CLR-affected regions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14081811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]],"date-time":"2024-08-16T12:40:07Z","timestamp":1723812007000},"page":"1811","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["New Races of Hemileia vastatrix Detected in Peruvian Coffee Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Alberto","family":"Julca-Otiniano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitotecnia, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2121-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonel","family":"Alvarado-Huam\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitotecnia, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8747-2665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"Castro-Cepero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7819-1810","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Borjas-Ventura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitotecnia, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru"}]},{"given":"Luz","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fitotecnia, Facultad de Agronom\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima 12-056, Peru"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7469-8147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Stephan","family":"Nielen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Embrapa Recursos Gen\u00e9ticos e Biotecnologia, Bras\u00edlia 70770-917, DF, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Ingelbrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plant Breeding and Genetics Laboratory, Joint FAO\/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, International Atomic Energy Agency Laboratories, 2444 Seibersdorf, Austria"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1628-7128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria do C\u00e9u","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"V\u00e1rzea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o das Ferrugens do Cafeeiro, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Quinta do Marqu\u00eas, 2784-505 Oeiras, Portugal"},{"name":"LEAF-Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associate Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.33687\/ijae.007.01.2744","article-title":"Quantitative framework for coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix), production and futures","volume":"7","author":"Kahn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. 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