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In mangrove swamp agroecosystems, rice is grown during the rainy season when freshwater and nutrients are abundant. However, small-scale farmers face challenges like unpredictable rainfall and rising sea levels, which increase soil salinity and acidity. This study aims to assess soil physical\u2013chemical properties, paired with farmers\u2019 local practices, to evaluate fertility constraints, and to support sustainable soil\u2013plant management practices. This co-designed research contributes to filling a gap concerning the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices adapted to specific contexts in West Africa. In two regions, Oio (center) and Tombali (south), rice yields were measured in semi-controlled trials both in two agroecological settings: Tidal Mangrove (TM) and Associated Mangrove (AM) fields. 380 soil samples were collected, and rice growing parameters were assessed during the 2021 and 2022 rice sowing, transplanting, and flowering periods. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) and Multivariate Regression Analysis (MRA) were applied to understand trends and build fertility proxies in predicting yields. Significant spatial and temporal variability in the soil properties between agroecologies was found. Salinity constraints in Oio TMs limit production to an average of 110 g\/m2, compared to 250 g\/m2 in Tombali. Yield predictions account for 81% and 56.9% of the variance in TMs and AMs, respectively. Variables such as organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and precipitation positively influence yields, whereas sand content, pH, and iron oxides show a negative effect. This study advances the understanding of MSR production in Guinea-Bissau and underscores the importance of incorporating farmers\u2019 knowledge of their diverse and complex production systems to effectively address these challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15020342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,29]],"date-time":"2025-01-29T03:26:10Z","timestamp":1738121170000},"page":"342","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Linking Soil Fertility and Production Constraints with Local Knowledge and Practices for Two Different Mangrove Swamp Rice Agroecologies, Guinea-Bissau, West Africa"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Matilda","family":"Merkohasanaj","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4208-0438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno","family":"Cortez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Recursos Naturais, Ambiente e Territ\u00f3rio (DRAT), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1008-8301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Cunha-Queda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for the Sustainability of Land Use and Ecosystem Services (TERRA) Associated Laboratory, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Engenharia de Biossistemas (DCEB), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2082-0503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Andreetta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Blocco A, 09042 Monserrato, Italy"}]},{"given":"Viriato","family":"Cossa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1389-5531","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Jos\u00e9","family":"Mart\u00edn-Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Edafolog\u00eda y Qu\u00edmica Agr\u00edcola, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8254-4233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina Padr\u00e3o","family":"Temudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forest Research Centre (CEF), Associate Laboratory TERRA, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Engenharia de Biossistemas (DCEB), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-8588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luis F.","family":"Goulao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food Research Centre (LEAF), School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory for the Sustainability of Land Use and Ecosystem Services (TERRA) Associated Laboratory, School of Agriculture, University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias e Engenharia de Biossistemas (DCEB), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), University of Lisbon (ISA\/ULisboa), Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO (2015). 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