{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T22:59:58Z","timestamp":1771023598384,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NextGeneration EU program, through Portugal\u2019s Recovery and Resilience Plan","award":["C644866286-00000011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C644866286-00000011"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT\u2013Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UID\/04033\/2025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04033\/2025"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100024791","name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0126\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100024791","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"PRR and European Funds NextGeneration EU","award":["BI\/UTAD\/15\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BI\/UTAD\/15\/2023"]}]},{"name":"FCT","award":["PRT\/BD\/154380\/2023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRT\/BD\/154380\/2023"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The replacement of peat in horticultural substrates is a priority for sustainable plant production. This study evaluated compost and vermicompost, derived from vine pruning and sewage sludge, as partial peat substitutes in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling production. Germination, early growth traits, growth efficiency indices, and leaf nutrient contents were assessed, and the relationships among variables were explored using correlation analysis and principal component analysis. Five substrates were tested: peat-perlite alone (control) and mixtures containing 10%, 20%, or 40% compost or vermicompost as peat replacements. Results showed that incorporating 10% vermicompost significantly improved germination, seedling vigor, and biomass accumulation, with performance comparable to, or exceeding, the control. In contrast, higher proportions of compost or vermicompost negatively affected germination and seedling quality. Nutrient analysis revealed that 10% vermicompost enhanced Ca and K accumulation, traits positively correlated with growth, whereas 20% compost and 20% vermicompost were associated with higher P and Mg contents but reduced seedling performance. Overall, these promising findings demonstrate that a low proportion of vermicompost (10%) is sufficient to successfully partially replace peat in cucumber seedling production, benefiting both performance and sustainability, whereas higher compost or vermicompost levels disrupt nutrient balance and limit this species\u2019 growth.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15112519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T00:50:19Z","timestamp":1761785419000},"page":"2519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Compost and Vermicompost from Vine Pruning and Sewage Sludge as Peat Alternatives in Cucumber Seedling Production"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6598-7454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Morais","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3030-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"Azevedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Henda","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3110-7153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Maria","family":"Coimbra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4365-9086","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Ricardo","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6177-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Roboredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Alexandra","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Elisabete","family":"Nascimento-Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Puglia, D., Pezzolla, D., Gigliotti, G., Torre, L., Bartucca, M.L., and Del Buono, D. 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