{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T06:30:53Z","timestamp":1766212253106,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UID Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e Mar","award":["LA\/P\/0094\/202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0094\/202"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100024216","name":"GEOBIOTEC","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["UIDB\/04035"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04035"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100024216","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"FCT\/MEC","award":["2023.15713.PEX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.15713.PEX"]}]},{"name":"LabEx DRIIHM\u2014Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux and OHMI\u2014Observatoire Hommes-Millieux International Estarreja","award":["2023.18428.ICDT"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023.18428.ICDT"]}]},{"name":"LabEx DRIIHM\u2014Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux and OHMI\u2014Observatoire Hommes-Millieux International Estarreja","award":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00814600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["COMPETE2030-FEDER-00814600"]}]},{"name":"LabEx DRIIHM\u2014Dispositif de Recherche Interdisciplinaire sur les Interactions Hommes-Milieux and OHMI\u2014Observatoire Hommes-Millieux International Estarreja","award":["SGO2030: 16864"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SGO2030: 16864"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Invasive species are a recurring global problem, and the water hyacinth (Pontederia crassipes) is a well-known example. Various strategies have been explored to manage its spread, including its use as an agricultural amendment. However, when P. crassipes biomass is incorporated into soil and undergoes degradation, it may increase soil conductivity and promote metal leaching, potentially affecting soil biota, particularly microbiota. Saprophytic fungi play a key role in the decomposition and renewal of organic matter, and their resilience to stressors is crucial for maintaining soil function. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of P. crassipes biomass extracts on the saprophytic fungus Trametes versicolor by evaluating fungal growth and metabolic changes [including sugar content, phosphatase enzymatic activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production]. The fungus was exposed for 8 days to a dilution series of extracts (100%\u2014undiluted, to 3.13%) prepared from P. crassipes biomass collected at five locations in Portuguese wetlands. Two sites were in the south, within a Mediterranean climate (Sorraia and Esta\u00e7\u00e3o Experimental Ant\u00f3nio Teixeira), and three were in the north, within an Atlantic climate (S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o de Loure, Pateira de Fermentelos, and Vila Valente), representing both agricultural-runoff\u2013impacted areas and recreational zones. Extracts were used to simulate a worst-case scenario. All extracts have shown high conductivity (\u226515.4 mS\/cm), and several elements have shown a high soluble fraction (e.g., K, P, As, or Ba), indicating substantial leaching from the biomass to the extracts. Despite this, T. versicolor growth rates were generally not inhibited, except for exposure to the S\u00e3o Jo\u00e3o de Loure extract, where an EC50 of 45.3% (extract dilution) was determined and a significant sugar content decrease was observed at extract concentrations \u226525%. Possibly due to the high phosphorous leachability, both acid and alkaline phosphatase activities increased significantly at the highest percentages tested (50% and 100%). Furthermore, ROS levels increased with increasing extract concentrations, yet marginal changes were observed in growth rates, suggesting that T. versicolor may efficiently regulate its intracellular redox balance under stress conditions. Overall, these findings indicate that the degradation of P. crassipes biomass in soils, while altering chemical properties and releasing soluble elements, may not impair and could even boost microbiota, namely saprophytic fungi. This resilience highlights the potential ecological benefit of saprophytic fungi in accelerating the decomposition of invasive plant residues and contribution to soil nutrient cycling and ecosystem recovery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15122921","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T08:26:36Z","timestamp":1766132796000},"page":"2921","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessing the Impact of Pontederia crassipes Extracts on the Saprophytic Soil Fungus Trametes versicolor: Implications for Agricultural Use"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6232-4081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e1tia","family":"Ven\u00e2ncio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CESAM\u2014Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Ramisote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Pato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6006-344X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"Patinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"GEOBIOTEC, Geosciences Department, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1007\/s42452-019-0871-z","article-title":"Characterization of water hyacinth (E. crassipes) from Lake Victoria and ruminal slaughterhouse waste as co-substrates in biogas production","volume":"1","author":"Auma","year":"2019","journal-title":"SN Appl. 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