{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T21:17:34Z","timestamp":1769807854249,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769731200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Agronomy"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) is a major non-timber forest product in the Amazon, supporting extractivist communities in Brazil, Bolivia, and Peru and contribute to forest conservation. Unlike other extractive products, Brazil nut production has not declined under commercial use and is recognized for its socioeconomic and environmental importance. Precision agriculture has been transformed by the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial intelligence (AI), which enable monitoring efficiency and yield estimation in several crops, including the Brazil nut. This study assessed the potential of using UAV-based imagery combined with YOLOv8 object detection model to identify and quantify Brazil nut fruits in a native forest fragment in eastern Acre, Brazil. A UAV was used to capture canopy images of 20 trees with varying diameters at breast height. Images were manually annotated and used to train the YOLOv8 with an 80\/20 split for training and validation\/testing. Model performance was evaluated using precision, recall, F1-score, and mean Average Precision (mAP). The model achieved recall above 90%, with an F1-score of 0.88, despite challenges from canopy complexity and partial occlusion. These results indicate that UAV-based imagery combined with AI detection provides an approach for estimating Brazil nut yield, reducing manual effort and improving market strategies for extractivist communities. This technology supports sustainable forest management and socioeconomic development in the Amazon.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy16030341","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]],"date-time":"2026-01-30T11:09:22Z","timestamp":1769771362000},"page":"341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Dataset for Brazil Nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) Fruit Detection in Native Amazonian Forests Using UAV Imagery"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Henrique","family":"Pereira de Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological and Natural Sciences (CCBN), Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Qu\u00e9tila Souza","family":"Barros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Technical and Scientific Support Center, Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office of Acre State, Rio Branco 69900-162, AC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9591-9615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evandro Jos\u00e9 Linhares","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Rio Branco 69900-970, AC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5845-2593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leilson","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Agronomy Department, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology (ECT), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3750-0813","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00edvea Maria Mafra","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chapad\u00e3o do Sul Campus, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Chapad\u00e3o do Sul 79560-000, MS, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Larissa Freire da","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological and Natural Sciences (CCBN), Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Bianca Tabosa de","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological and Natural Sciences (CCBN), Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Gomes Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Biological and Natural Sciences (CCBN), Federal University of Acre (UFAC), Rio Branco 69920-900, AC, Brazil"}]},{"given":"Rom\u00e1rio de Mesquita","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute for Amazonian Research (INPA), Rio Branco 69900-970, AC, Brazil"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7570-9773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"P\u00e1dua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Engineering Department, School of Science and Technology (ECT), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production (Inov4agro), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1007\/s40725-022-00158-x","article-title":"Advances in Brazil Nut Tree Ecophysiology: Linking Abiotic Factors to Tree Growth and Fruit Production","volume":"8","author":"Jaquetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr. 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