{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T12:25:12Z","timestamp":1768825512863,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["AMH"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Talaromyces marneffei is a zoonotic dimorphic pathogen endemic to Southeast Asia and reported in 33 countries, with an estimated 17,300 human cases and 4900 deaths annually. We aimed to identify the best available evidence regarding the epidemiological and clinical features and the prevalence of T. marneffei reported in companion animals, wildlife, and humans in Europe. A systematic literature review was conducted by searching three databases under PRISMA guidelines for \u201cTalaromyces marneffei\u201d or \u201ctalaromycosis\u201d in Europe or the equivalent. References from the obtained publications were also checked to identify additional papers that met the inclusion criteria. The search was not limited by language or year. Studies published until 30 April 2025 were included. Due to the limited number of publications on animals, the geographic scope was expanded to a global level. Of the 915 studies identified, 33 were eligible and categorised according to the subject they addressed: talaromycosis in humans (n = 26), talaromycosis in companion animals (n = 4), and talaromycosis in wildlife (n = 3). Talaromycosis has been reported 28 times in 11 different European countries among humans. Additionally, one case of T. marneffei in wildlife has been documented in Europe. There is a potential liaison host between bamboo rats and humans. Talaromycosis is an emerging planetary neglected disease. Confusion with other diseases and potential misdiagnosis leads to delayed diagnosis and unnecessary risk to lives. Immunocompromised and HIV-positive patients should be screened for talaromycosis. The unexplained worldwide reports in atypical species and locations prompt a call to action for a more proactive search for T. marneffei in other domestic and wild animals, as well as in soil, to fully understand its hosts and transmission, which must incorporate the Stockholm Paradigm and Planetary Health perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/amh70020025","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T05:28:33Z","timestamp":1750051713000},"page":"25","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Talaromyces marneffei Outside Endemic Regions: An Overlooked Mycosis Under a One-Health Lens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"70","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6390-0194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo","family":"Afonso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Animais e Veterin\u00e1ria, Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (IUCS), 1H-TOXRUN\u2014One Health Toxicology Research Unit, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (LASusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV\u2014Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6145-7560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Cardoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV\u2014Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Sofia","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV\u2014Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9584-6636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro\u2014Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6934-1669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lder","family":"Quintas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o de Montanha (CIMO), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regi\u00f5es de Montanha (LASusTEC), Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Bragan\u00e7a, Campus de Santa Apol\u00f3nia, 5300-253 Bragan\u00e7a, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7196-4179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CECAV\u2014Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30006-2","article-title":"The Stockholm Paradigm","volume":"20","author":"Cable","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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