{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T01:20:04Z","timestamp":1771377604412,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650067200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Analytica"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sweat is a potential biological fluid for the non-invasive analytical assessment of diverse molecules, including biomarkers. Notwithstanding, the sampling methodology is critical, and it must be assessed prior to using sweat for clinical diagnosis. In the current work, the analytical methodology was further developed taking into account the sampling step, in view of the identification and level variations of sweat components that have potential to be stress biomarkers using separation by liquid chromatography and detection by tandem mass spectrometry, in order to attain a screening profile of 26 molecules in just one stage. As such, the molecule identification was used as a test for the evaluation of the sampling procedures, including the location on the body, using patches for long-term sampling and vials for direct sampling, through a qualitative approach. From this evaluation it was possible to conclude that the sampling may be performed on the chest or back skin. Additionally, possible interference was evaluated. The long-term sampling with patches can be used under both rest and exercise conditions with variation of the detected molecule\u2019s levels. The direct sampling, using vials, has the advantage of not having interferences but the disadvantage of only being effective after exercise in order to have enough sample for sweat analysis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/analytica3020013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T07:42:41Z","timestamp":1650094961000},"page":"178-194","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Evaluation of Sweat-Sampling Procedures for Human Stress-Biomarker Detection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"3","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4378-5173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Jo\u00e3o","family":"Nunes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 J. G.","family":"Moura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1515-4518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Paulo","family":"Noronha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds Cobra","family":"Branco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9602-4848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Samhan-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica, Instituto de Investigaciones Biom\u00e9dicas \u2018Alberto Sols\u2019 (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, C\/Arturo Duperier 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o P.","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINAMIL, Academia Militar, Rua Gomes Freire, 1150-244 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8710-0367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Rouco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CINAMIL, Academia Militar, Rua Gomes Freire, 1150-244 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7892-8955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina M.","family":"Cordas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000258725","article-title":"Evaluation of stress systems by applying noninvasive methodologies: Measurements of neuroimmune biomarkers in the sweat, heart rate variability and salivary cortisol","volume":"17","author":"Marques","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3389\/fmolb.2019.00091","article-title":"Biomarkers in Stress Related Diseases\/Disorders: Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Values","volume":"6","author":"Dhama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. 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