{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T18:43:51Z","timestamp":1764873831302,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612742400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Our goal was to analyze the main anatomical structures of the dolphin external nose and nasal cavity from fetal developmental stages to adult. Endoscopy was used to study the common development of the external nose and the melon, and nasal mucosa. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and anatomical sections were correlated with anatomical sections. Computed tomography (CT) was used to generate 3D reconstructions of the nasal bones and nasal cavities to study its development. Dissections, histological and pathological studies were carried out on the nasal mucosa to understand its function. These results were compared with the horse. Endoscopy showed an external nose with two lips and the upper lip is divided by a groove due to the nasal septum and an obstruction of right nasal cavity was diagnosed in a newborn. Two diverticula (air sacs) were found in the nasal vestibule and an incisive recess (premaxillary sac) in the nasal cavity. These findings were corroborated by 3D reconstructions of the nasal cavities, MRI, anatomical sections and dissections. The presphenoid and ethmoid bones were fused at early stages of fetal development. The ethmoid is the last bone to ossify in the nasal cavity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11020441","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,9]],"date-time":"2021-02-09T23:43:16Z","timestamp":1612914196000},"page":"441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Comparative Anatomy of the Nasal Cavity in the Common Dolphin Delphinus delphis L., Striped Dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba M. and Pilot Whale Globicephala melas T.: A Developmental Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alvaro","family":"Garc\u00eda de los R\u00edos y Loshuertos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Estudio y Conservaci\u00f3n de Animales Marinos (CECAM), 51002 Ceuta, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3940-6214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Soler Lagu\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina y Cirug\u00eda Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6797-8220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Arencibia Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda, Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmonta\u00f1a, Arucas, 35416 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alfredo","family":"L\u00f3pez Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Biolog\u00eda\u2014CESAM, Campus Universitario de Santiago, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Coordinadora para el Estudio de los Mam\u00edferos Marinos (CEMMA), Ap. 15, Gondomar, 36380 Pontevedra, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4507-2943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pablo","family":"Covelo Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Experimentaci\u00f3n Animal, \u00c1rea Cient\u00edfica-T\u00e9cnica de Investigaci\u00f3n, Edificio Centro de Experimentaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CEIB), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00ednez Gomariz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Cayetano","family":"S\u00e1nchez Collado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3437-9974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Garc\u00eda Carrillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Experimentaci\u00f3n Animal, \u00c1rea Cient\u00edfica-T\u00e9cnica de Investigaci\u00f3n, Edificio Centro de Experimentaci\u00f3n e Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica (CEIB), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0782-8970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregorio","family":"Ram\u00edrez Zarzosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Anatom\u00eda y Anatom\u00eda Patol\u00f3gica Comparadas, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s12052-009-0135-2","article-title":"From land to water: The origin of whales, dolphins, and porpoises","volume":"2","author":"Thewisen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evol. 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