{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:11:15Z","timestamp":1775110275543,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007801","name":"Fundaci\u00f3n S\u00e9neca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19894\/GERM\/15"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19894\/GERM\/15"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007801","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This pilot study aimed to study the possible changes in a profile of 26 salivary analytes in thirteen healthy dairy cows along their peripartum period. Analytes associated with the stress (salivary cortisol, salivary alpha-amylase, butyrylcholinesterase, and total esterase), inflammation (adenosine deaminase), oxidative status (total antioxidant capacity and the advanced oxidation protein products), and general metabolism (creatine kinase, \u03b3-glutamyl transferase, urea, triglycerides, glucose, and lactate) varied along the sampling times. A positive correlation between the white blood cells counts, and the lipase, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, advanced oxidation protein products, and lactate levels in saliva were observed at the delivery. A linear association between selected salivary analytes at different sampling times and the milk yield after calving was observed. In conclusion, in our experimental conditions, it was observed that the peripartum period in dairy cows can induce changes in salivary analytes. Some of them were associated with inflammatory status and the capacity of milk production after calving.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11030749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]],"date-time":"2021-03-09T06:22:32Z","timestamp":1615270952000},"page":"749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Changes in Saliva Analytes in Dairy Cows during Peripartum: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2898-0410","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda D.","family":"Contreras-Aguilar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Pedro J.","family":"Vallejo-Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary School, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9370-1337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsa","family":"Lamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED\u2014Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, IIFA\u2014Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o e Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Avan\u00e7ada, University of \u00c9vora, N\u00facleo da Mitra, Apartado 94, 7006-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9439-6779","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dami\u00e1n","family":"Escribano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Animal Production, Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Jose J.","family":"Cer\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Tecles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-4147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila P.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis (Interlab-UMU), Veterinary School, Regional Campus of International Excellence \u2018Campus Mare Nostrum\u2019, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-681, Brazil"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tvarijonaviciute, A., Mart\u00ednez-Subiela, S., L\u00f3pez-Jornet, P., and Lamy, E. (2020). Methodology Assays for the Salivary Biomarkers\u2019 Identification and Measurement. Saliva in Health and Disease: The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis, Springer International Publishing. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.02851.x","article-title":"Saliva and gastrointestinal functions of taste, mastication, swallowing and digestion","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Dis."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.05.007","article-title":"Saliva proteomics as an emerging, non-invasive tool to study livestock physiology, nutrition and diseases","volume":"75","author":"Lamy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar, M.D., Vallejo-Mateo, P.J., \u017delvyt\u00e8, R., Tecles, F., and Rubio, C.P. (2020). Changes in Saliva Analytes Associated with Lameness in Cows: A Pilot Study. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10112078"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2019.04.019","article-title":"Biochemical changes in saliva of cows with inflammation: A pilot study","volume":"124","author":"Monkeviciene","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2259","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(99)75474-3","article-title":"Biology of Dairy Cows During the Transition Period: The Final Frontier?","volume":"82","author":"Drackley","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3348","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2018-15386","article-title":"Associations of pre- and postpartum lying time with metabolic, inflammation, and health status of lactating dairy cows","volume":"102","author":"Menichetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, F., and Mallmann, P. (2015). Marcadores bioqu\u00edmicos sangu\u00edneos en el diagn\u00f3stico y control de trastornos metab\u00f3licos en vacas lecheras. Proceedings of the Anais do 2o Simp\u00f3sio Nacional da Vaca Leiteira, Available online: http:\/\/www2.ufpel.edu.br\/nupeec\/anexos\/5d60e57a40.pdf#page=44."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4081\/ijas.2009.s1.265","article-title":"Some physiological and biochemical methods for acute and chronic stress evaluation in dairy cows","volume":"8","author":"Trevisi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ital. J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79081-0","article-title":"A Body Condition Scoring Chart for Holstein Dairy Cows","volume":"72","author":"Edmonson","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731118002707","article-title":"Evaluation of new biomarkers of stress in saliva of sheep","volume":"13","author":"Escribano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar, M., Henry, S., Coste, C., Tecles, F., Escribano, D., Cer\u00f3n, J., and Hausberger, M. (2019). Changes in Saliva Analytes Correlate with Horses\u2019 Behavioural Reactions to An Acute Stressor: A Pilot Study. Animals, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani9110993"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar, M.D., Tvarijonaviciute, A., Monkeviciene, I., Mart\u00edn-Cuervo, M., Gonz\u00e1lez-Arostegui, L.G., Franco-Mart\u00ednez, L., Cer\u00f3n, J.J., Tecles, F., and Escribano, D. (2020). Characterization of total adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) and its isoenzymes in saliva and serum in health and inflammatory conditions in four different species: An analytical and clinical validation pilot study. BMC Vet. Res., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02574-2"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.12.015","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva of sheep: Analytical performance and changes after an experimentally induced stress","volume":"123","author":"Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2018.12.015","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress in saliva in pigs: Analytical validation and changes in lactation","volume":"123","author":"Rubio","year":"2019","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Aguilar, M., Escribano, D., Mart\u00ednez-Subiela, S., Mart\u00edn-Cuervo, M., Lamy, E., Tecles, F., and Cer\u00f3n, J.J. (2019). Changes in saliva analytes in equine acute abdominal disease: A sialochemistry approach. BMC Vet. Res., 15.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-019-1933-6"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1177\/1040638712455171","article-title":"Validation of an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay for salivary cortisol measurements in pigs","volume":"24","author":"Escribano","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Vet. Diagn. Investig."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2006.00457.x","article-title":"The psychosocial stress-induced increase in salivary alpha-amylase is independent of saliva flow rate","volume":"43","author":"Rohleder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(05)72878-2","article-title":"Influence of Body Condition Score on Relationships Between Metabolic Status and Oxidative Stress in Periparturient Dairy Cows","volume":"88","author":"Bernabucci","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.144.16.437","article-title":"Acute phase proteins in cattle: Discrimination between acute and chronic inflammation","volume":"144","author":"Horadagoda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vet. Rec."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0221-1","article-title":"Body condition score prior to parturition is associated with plasma and adipose tissue biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammation in Holstein cows","volume":"9","author":"Alharthi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1080\/01652176.2003.9695142","article-title":"Sympathoadrenal and immune system activation during the periparturient period and their association with bovine coliform mastitis","volume":"25","author":"Meyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rev. Vet. Q."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10809","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2020-18547","article-title":"Seasonal heat load is more potent than the degree of body weight loss in dysregulating immune function by reducing white blood cell populations and increasing inflammation in Holstein dairy cows","volume":"103","author":"Zachut","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(89)79222-5","article-title":"Periparturient Hypocalcemia in Cows: Prevention Using Intramuscular Parathyroid Hormone","volume":"72","author":"Goff","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tvarijonaviciute, A., Mart\u00ednez-Subiela, S., L\u00f3pez-Jornet, P., and Lamy, E. (2020). Salivary Glands\u2019 Anatomy and Physiology. Saliva in Health and Disease: The Present and Future of a Unique Sample for Diagnosis, Springer International Publishing. [1st ed.].","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-37681-9"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fedorova, T., Knudsen, C.S., Mouridsen, K., Nexo, E., and Borghammer, P. (2015). Salivary Acetylcholinesterase Activity Is Increased in Parkinson\u2019s Disease: A Potential Marker of Parasympathetic Dysfunction. Park. Dis., 156479.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/156479"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2017.04.007","article-title":"Total esterase measurement in saliva of pigs: Validation of an automated assay, characterization and changes in stress and disease conditions","volume":"114","author":"Tecles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2016.03.006","article-title":"Cholinesterase in porcine saliva: Analytical characterization and behavior after experimental stress","volume":"106","author":"Tecles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Res. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1999.t01-1-00315.x","article-title":"Salivary carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme VI","volume":"520","author":"Parkkila","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1869","DOI":"10.1177\/37.12.2573631","article-title":"Distribution of adenosine deaminase complexing protein (ADCP) in human tissues","volume":"37","author":"Dinjens","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Histochem. Cytochem."},{"key":"ref_31","first-page":"303","article-title":"Adenosine deaminase and nucleoside phosphorylase activities in normal human blood mononuclear cell subpopulations","volume":"42","author":"MacDermott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-016-2329-7","article-title":"Relation between calcium levels and adenosine deaminase activity in serum in pre- and postpartum of dairy cow","volume":"25","author":"Fritzen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Path."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2006.04.039","article-title":"Vaginal delivery and serum markers of ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"94","author":"Conner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2478\/pjvs-2014-0019","article-title":"Serum paraoxonase-1 activity of dairy Holstein-Fresian cows in different lactation stages-preliminary study","volume":"17","author":"Kulka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pol. J. Vet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5574","article-title":"Variation in fat mobilization during early lactation differently affects feed intake, body condition, and lipid and glucose metabolism in high-yielding dairy cows","volume":"96","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3109\/08923973.2010.514917","article-title":"Biomarkers of oxidative stress in ruminant medicine","volume":"33","author":"Celi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-016-0085-9","article-title":"Occurrence of retained placenta is preceded by an inflammatory state and alterations of energy metabolism in transition dairy cows","volume":"7","author":"Dervishi","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.3390\/ani5030381","article-title":"Alterations of innate immunity reactants in transition dairy cows before clinical signs of lameness","volume":"5","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Animals"}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/3\/749\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T05:35:26Z","timestamp":1760160926000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/11\/3\/749"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ani11030749"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani11030749","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,9]]}}}