{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:51:30Z","timestamp":1776419490983,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656547200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020"]}]},{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020"]}]},{"name":"AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Several fungi species are reported to act as opportunistic agents of infection in avian species. After the isolation of Exophiala spp., a dematiaceous fungal pathogen associated with a mucosal lesion in a military macaw (Ara militar), samples were collected from another 24 birds of the order Psittaciformes to study the possibility of Exophiala spp. being part of the commensal microbiota of these animals or its possible association with other clinical conditions. Swab samples were collected from the trachea and\/or choanae of the birds and inoculated in Sabouraud chloramphenicol agar for fungal isolation. After incubation, fungal species were identified through their macroscopic and microscopic morphology. The presence of Exophiala spp. was identified in 15 of the 25 birds sampled and no statistical association was found between the clinical record of the birds and the fungal isolation. Our results suggest that Exophiala spp. can colonize the upper respiratory airways of psittaciform birds and has a low pathogenic potential in these animals. To the authors\u2019 knowledge, this is the first report of Exophiala spp. isolation from samples of the upper respiratory tract of Psittaciformes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]],"date-time":"2022-06-30T20:53:02Z","timestamp":1656622382000},"page":"1699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["First Documentation of Exophiala spp. Isolation in Psittaciformes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1179-251X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo N.","family":"Marques","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoomarine Portugal, E.N. 125, Km 65, 8201-864 Guia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9756-7913","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o B.","family":"Cota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Miriam O.","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoomarine Portugal, E.N. 125, Km 65, 8201-864 Guia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5363-0629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuno U.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoomarine Portugal, E.N. 125, Km 65, 8201-864 Guia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla A.","family":"Flanagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zoomarine Portugal, E.N. 125, Km 65, 8201-864 Guia, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4523-8982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Crosta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AEZAVEC (Avian, Exotic and Zoo Animal Veterinary Consultants), 22040 Tirol, Italy"}]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Tavares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3910-1525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centro de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal, Faculdade de Medicina Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Da Universidade T\u00e9cnica, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Associado Para Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Harrison, G.J., and Lightfoot, T.L. (2006). Implications of Mycosis in Clinical Disorders. 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