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The aim of this study was to assess how different dietary formulations influence the bioavailability and metabolic fate of distinct amino acids in gilthead seabream juveniles. Amino acids (lysine, tryptophan, and methionine) were selected based on their ketogenic and\/or glucogenic nature. Seabream were fed practical diets with different protein (44 and 40%) and lipid contents (21 and 18%): 44P21L, 44P18L, 40P21L, and 40P18L. After three weeks of feeding, the fish were tube-fed the correspondent diet labelled with 14C-lysine, 14C-tryptophan, or 14C-methionine. The amino acid utilisation was determined based on the evacuation, retention in gut, liver, and muscle, and the catabolism of the tracer. The metabolic fate of amino acids was mainly determined by their nature. Tryptophan was significantly more evacuated than lysine or methionine, indicating a lower availability for metabolic purposes. Methionine was more retained in muscle, indicating its higher availability. Lysine was mainly catabolised, suggesting that catabolism is preferentially ketogenic, even when this amino acid is deficient in diets. This study underpins the importance of optimising diets considering the amino acids\u2019 bioavailability and metabolic fate to maximise protein retention in fish.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12131713","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]],"date-time":"2022-07-02T11:12:35Z","timestamp":1656760355000},"page":"1713","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Metabolic Fate Is Defined by Amino Acid Nature in Gilthead Seabream Fed Different Diet Formulations"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8648-1241","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Teod\u00f3sio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9217-0183","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cla\u00fadia","family":"Arag\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"},{"name":"Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6102-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds E. C.","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPAROS Lda., \u00c1rea Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2796-2624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SPAROS Lda., \u00c1rea Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-5541","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia","family":"Engrola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancias do Mar (CCMAR), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1546-5098(01)20003-X","article-title":"Protein synthesis","volume":"20","author":"Carter","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fish Physiol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007738228055","article-title":"Amino acid profiles and amino acid utilization in larval african catfish (Clarias gariepinus): Effects of ontogeny and temperature","volume":"19","author":"Suurd","year":"1998","journal-title":"Fish Physiol. 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