{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T00:10:40Z","timestamp":1771632640701,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDP\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"National Funds by FCT-Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nasopharyngeal myiasis in red deer has never been studied in Portugal. For this reason, from December 2015 to February 2016 a study was derived on hunted red deer in Idanha-a-Nova county to evaluate the Diptera larvae presence. During the initial examination on the spot, the larvae was analysed at the nasopharynx. When present, larvae were collected for further species identification. The infestation prevalence was 50.6 \u00b1 7.61% (CI 95%), and the mean parasitism intensity was 11.38 larvae per affected host. Two larvae species were found, Pharyngomyia picta and Cephenemyia auribarbis, both on single or concomitant infection, with the first species having a higher prevalence and mean infestation intensity than the second. The larvae\u2019s prevalence was significantly higher (X2 = 4.35; p = 0.0370) in males (62.16 \u00b1 11.05%) than in females (41.30 \u00b1 10.06%). Within age groups, younger animals showed a higher prevalence. This study shows the presence of P. picta and C. auribarbis larvae in the wild red deer population in Portugal for the first time. The high parasitic prevalence and mean intensity highlight the importance of this parasitosis in this wild species. For this reason, more scientific research is required to accurately assess its prevalence in other geographic areas, and evaluate the risk factors as well effects of this parasitosis on the deer population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:17:27Z","timestamp":1658794647000},"page":"1896","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["First Study of Pharingomyia picta and Cephanemyia auribarbis in Wild Populations of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) in Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3749-7749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Miranda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Serejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Office, Idanha-a-Nova Town Hall, 6060-163 Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9159-0365","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas M.","family":"P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Campus Las Lagunillas s\/n, University of Ja\u00e9n, 23071 Ja\u00e9n, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3171-2951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Aranha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), and Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Forestry Sciences and Landscape Architecture (CIFAP), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3880-3442","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos","family":"Ven\u00e2ncio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), and Inov4Agro-Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-Food Production, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Madalena","family":"Vieira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2010.08.011","article-title":"Nasal bots\u2014A fascinating world!","volume":"174","author":"Scholl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"46","article-title":"Botflies and warble flies (order Diptera: Family Oestridae)","volume":"Volume 3","author":"Samuel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Parasitic Diseases of Wild Mammals"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.39.3.3197","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal bot flies in red deer (Cervus elaphus) from Southern Spain","volume":"39","author":"Alonso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Et Tech. (Int. Off. Epizoot.)"},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"89","article-title":"Las miasis de ungulados silvestres","volume":"49","author":"Granados","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ovis"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-34.4.820","article-title":"Oestrosis in red deer from Spain","volume":"34","author":"Moreno","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1139\/z62-041","article-title":"The Nearctic species of the genus Cephenemyia (Diptera: Oestridae)","volume":"40","author":"Bennett","year":"1962","journal-title":"Can. J. Zool."},{"key":"ref_7","unstructured":"Zumpt, F. (1965). Myiasis in Man and Animals in the Old World\u2014A Textbook for Physicians, Veterinarians and Zoologists, Butterworth."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005578","article-title":"Long-term epidemiology, effect on body condition and interspecific interactions of concomitant infection by nasopharyngeal botfly larvae (Cephenemyia auribarbis and Pharyngomyia picta, Oestridae) in a population of Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)","volume":"129","author":"Vicente","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colwell, D.D., Hall, M.J.R., and Scholl, P.J. (2006). The Oestrid Flies: Biology, Host-Parasite Relationships, Impact and Management, CABI Publishing.","DOI":"10.1079\/9780851996844.0078"},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"79","article-title":"Oestrus ovis (Diptera: Oestridae): Un importante ectopar\u00e1sito de los ovinos en Cuba","volume":"35","author":"Matos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Rev. De Salud Anim."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(81)90038-2","article-title":"Invasion of black-tailed deer by nose bot fly larvae (Diptera: Oestridae: Oestrinae)","volume":"11","author":"Cogley","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int. J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-30.3.470","article-title":"Bot fly larvae (Cephenemyia jellisoni) as a cause of neurologic signs in an elk","volume":"30","author":"Foreyt","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1645\/0022-3395(2000)086[0033:PBFICE]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Pharyngeal bot flies in Cervus elaphus in central Spain: Prevalence and population dynamics","volume":"86","author":"Alunda","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Parasitololy"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-41.4.820","article-title":"Tonsillar biopsy test for chronic wasting disease: Two sampling approaches in mule deer and white-tailed deer","volume":"41","author":"Schuler","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Wildl. Dis."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4017(93)90182-M","article-title":"Occurrence and overlapping of pharyngeal bot flies Pharyngomyia picta and Cephenemyia auribarbis (Oestridae) in red deer of southern Spain","volume":"47","author":"Palomares","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vet. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-23.4.596","article-title":"Effects of Cephenemyia spp. (Diptera: Oestridae) on the nasopharynx of black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus columbianus)","volume":"23","author":"Cogley","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Wildl Dis."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjab006","article-title":"Characterization of New Molecular Markers of Three Botflies Parasitizing Cervid Hosts","volume":"58","author":"Molina","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Entomol."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Mullen, G.R., and Durden, L.A. (2019). Myiasis (Muscoidea, Oestroidea). Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Elsevier-Academic Press. [3rd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"ANMP (2016, March 03). Vari\u00e1veis e Indicadores. Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Nacional dos Munic\u00edpios Portugueses (ANMP). Available online: http:\/\/www.anmp.pt\/anmp\/pro\/mun1\/mun101w3.php?cod=M6060."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"Pinheiro, E.C. (2008). A Beira Interior\u2014Portugal, caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica. Rota da l\u00e3 Translana Percursos e Marcas de um Territ\u00f3rio de Fronteira: Beira Interior (Portugal) e Comarca Tajo-Salor-Almonte (Espanha), Museu de Lanif\u00edcios da Universidade da Beira Interior."},{"key":"ref_21","unstructured":"PDI (2016, March 06). Plano de Desenvolvimento Integrado do Munic\u00edpio de Idanha-a-Nova (PDI). Available online: http:\/\/www.cm-idanhanova.pt\/media\/76471\/Relatorio_PDI_IN_2013_1.pdf."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"ICNF (2016, March 15). Ca\u00e7a, Zonas de Ca\u00e7a. Instituto da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da Natureza e Florestas (ICNF). Available online: http:\/\/www.icnf.pt\/portal\/caca\/CacaPesquisa."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aranha, J.A., Abrantes, A.C., Gon\u00e7alves, R., Miranda, R., Serejo, J., and Vieira-Pinto, M. (2021). GIS as an Epidemiological Tool to Moni-tor the Spatial\u2013Temporal Distribution of Tuberculosis in Large Game in a High-Risk Area in Portugal. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11082374"},{"key":"ref_24","unstructured":"Soares, A. (2006). Geoestat\u00edstica para as ci\u00eancias da terra e do ambiente (Segunda edi\u00e7\u00e3o, 2006\u2014IST Press\u2014Lisboa), IST Press."},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"433","article-title":"A Tolna megyei \u0151z\u00e1llom\u00e1ny orrgaratbag\u00f3cos-fert\u0151z\u00f6tts\u00e9g\u0151l [Nasopharyngeal bot infestation of roe deer population of Tolna county]","volume":"126","author":"Egri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Magyar \u00c1llatorvosok Lapja"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"Vinhas, B. (2014). Sanitary Evaluation of Large Game Hunted in Idanha-a-Nova County: Pilot Study on Evaluation of Sarcocystis spp. in Muscular Samples from Large Game Harvested for Human Consumption. [Master\u2019s Thesis, University of Tr\u00e1s os Montes e Alto Douro]. Available online: https:\/\/repositorio.utad.pt\/handle\/10348\/3268."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-016-5206-z","article-title":"Morphological and molecular identification of nasopharyngeal bot fly larvae infesting red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Austria","volume":"115","author":"Leitner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Parasitol. Res."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.2307\/3283394","article-title":"Pharyngeal bot flies (Oestridae) from sympatric wild cervids in southern Spain","volume":"79","author":"Ruiz","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"181","article-title":"The occurrence of nasal throat bot flies (Oestridae) in wild ruminants in Hungary","volume":"7","author":"Sugar","year":"1974","journal-title":"Parasitol. Hung."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"467","article-title":"Estudio de las larvas de Oestridae parasitas de Cervidae en Espa\u00f1a","volume":"1","author":"Valls","year":"1985","journal-title":"Bol. Da Soc. Port. De Entomol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2307\/3284227","article-title":"Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. revisited","volume":"83","author":"Bush","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Parasitol."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Accuweather (2016, October 05). Hist\u00f3rico das Condi\u00e7\u00f5es Meteorol\u00f3gicas em Idanha-a-Nova, Portugal. Available online: http:\/\/www.accuweather.com\/pt\/pt\/idanhaanova\/272690\/september-weather\/272690?monyr=9\/1\/2015."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/15\/1896\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:56:24Z","timestamp":1760140584000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/15\/1896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12151896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12151896","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]}}}