{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T18:39:07Z","timestamp":1776451147384,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014the Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014the Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GR21022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR21022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Junta de Extremadura and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)","award":["GR21022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GR21022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Montado is a complex agroforestry\u2013pastoral ecosystem due to the interactions between soil\u2013pasture\u2013trees\u2013animals and climate. The typical Montado soil has an acidic pH and manganese toxicity, which affect the pasture\u2019s productivity and pasture floristic composition (PFC). The PFC, on the other hand, can also be influenced by the type and intensity of grazing, which can lead to significant decreases in the amount of biomass produced and the biodiversity of species in the pasture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grazing type, by sheep, and different stocking rates on the PFC throughout the vegetative pasture cycle in areas with and without dolomitic limestone application. Thus, four treatments (P1UC to P4TC) were constituted: P1UC\u2014without limestone application (U) and continuous grazing (CG); P2UD\u2014U and deferred grazing (DG); P3TD\u2014with the application of limestone (T) and DG; P4TC\u2014T and CG. In DG plots, the placement and removal of the animals were carried out as a function of the average height of the pasture (placement\u201410 cm; removal\u20143 to 5 cm). The PFC was characterized in winter, at the peak of spring and in late spring. The PFC data were subjected to a multilevel pattern analysis (ISA). The combination of rainfall and temperature influenced the pasture growth rates and consequently the height of the pasture at different times of the year. Therefore, with the different growth rates of the pasture throughout the year, the sheep remain for different periods of time in the deferred grazing treatments. In the four treatments, 103 plant species were identified. The most representative botanical families in the four treatments were Asteraceae, Fabaceae and Poaceae. ISA identified 14 bioindicator species: eight for the winter period, three for the late spring vegetative period and three for the TC treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]],"date-time":"2022-09-20T21:12:53Z","timestamp":1663708373000},"page":"2506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Effect of Sheep Grazing, Stocking Rates and Dolomitic Limestone Application on the Floristic Composition of a Permanent Dryland Pasture, in the Montado Agroforestry System of Southern Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Emanuel","family":"Carreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5178-8158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9452-6449","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos J. Pinto","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Shakib","family":"Shahidian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6975-0350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds L.","family":"Paniagua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00edas Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida Adolfo Su\u00e1rez, S\/N, 06007 Badajoz, Spain"}]},{"given":"Alexandre","family":"Pilirito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9","family":"Lopes Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9430-9399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfredo F.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Instituto de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o and CHANGE\u2014Global Change and Sustainability Institute, Institute for Advanced Studies and Research Universidade de \u00c9vora, P\u00f3lo da Mitra, Ap. 94, 7006-554 Evora, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Pinto-Correia, T., Ribeiro, N., and Potes, J. 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