{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T12:33:10Z","timestamp":1772886790470,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]],"date-time":"2022-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT\/MCTES)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"NovInDog","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}]},{"name":"AlgaValor","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}]},{"name":"Portugal 2020 program through the European Regional Development Fund","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}]},{"name":"FCT and Soja de Portugal","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/50006\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-047003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["POCI-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Lisboa-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ALG-01-0247-FEDER-035234"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BDE\/150527\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/111181\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/01620\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT through program DL 57\/2016\u2013Norma transit\u00f3ria","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BPD\/70176\/2010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing pet population is questioning the sustainability of the pet food system. Although microalgae may constitute a more sustainable food resource, the assessment of their potential for canine diets is almost non-existent. The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of three microalgae species (Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica) grown locally in industrial photobioreactors as alternative food resources for dogs. A detailed characterization of their nutritional composition and metabolomic profile was carried out and related to the nutritional requirements of dogs. Overall, the essential amino acid content exceeded the amounts required for dogs at all life stages, except methionine and cysteine. The three microalgae were deficient in linoleic acid, N. oceanica presented a linolenic acid content below requirements and T. obliquus and C. vulgaris were deficient in arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids. The fiber was mainly composed of insoluble dietary fiber. The mineral profile varied greatly with the microalgae species, demonstrating their different potential for dog feeding. Untargeted metabolomics highlighted glycolipids, glycerolipids and phospholipids as the most discriminating compounds between microalgae species. Overall, the results support the potential of T. obliquus, C. vulgaris and N. oceanica as valuable macro- and micro-nutrients sources for dog feeding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12192643","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,7]],"date-time":"2022-10-07T22:47:27Z","timestamp":1665182847000},"page":"2643","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Nutritional Composition and Untargeted Metabolomics Reveal the Potential of Tetradesmus obliquus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nannochloropsis oceanica as Valuable Nutrient Sources for Dogs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-0358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana R. J.","family":"Cabrita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1728-8392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Guilherme-Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1438-1353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas M.","family":"Valente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica e Bioqu\u00edmica, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre 687, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1297-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agostinho","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-5877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofia A. C.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Qu\u00edmicas, Laborat\u00f3rio de Qu\u00edmica Aplicada, Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-417X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio J. M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1716-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida R. G.","family":"Maia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"REQUIMTE, LAQV, ICBAS, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.37.1.2741","article-title":"Companion animals and human health: Benefits, challenges, and the road ahead for human-animal interaction","volume":"37","author":"Friedman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Sci. Tech."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"AVMA (2021). 2021\u20132022 APPA National Pet Owners Survey, American Veterinary Medical Association."},{"key":"ref_3","unstructured":"FEDIAF (2021). Annual Report 2021, FEDIAF."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvsm.2021.01.010","article-title":"Sustainability and Pet Food: Is There a Role for Veterinarians?","volume":"51","author":"Acuff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Clin. N. Am. Small Anim. Pract."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.003335","article-title":"Nutritional Sustainability of Pet Foods","volume":"4","author":"Swanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vinassa, M., Vergnano, D., Valle, E., Giribaldi, M., Nery, J., Prola, L., Bergero, D., and Schiavone, A. (2020). Profiling Italian cat and dog owners\u2019 perceptions of pet food quality traits. BMC Vet. Res., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-020-02357-9"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-020-01032-7","article-title":"Membrane applications for microbial energy conversion: A review","volume":"18","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Richmond, A. (2003). Microalgae in Human and Animal Nutrition. Handbook of Microalgal Culture, Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470995280"},{"key":"ref_9","unstructured":"Galanakis, C.M. (2021). Microalgae as feed ingredients for livestock production and aquaculture. Aquaculture, Elsevier."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626389","DOI":"10.3389\/fmars.2020.626389","article-title":"Current status of the algae production industry in Europe: An emerging sector of the blue bioeconomy","volume":"7","author":"Azevedo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2014.12.004","article-title":"Food and feed products from micro-algae: Market opportunities and challenges for the EU","volume":"42","author":"Vigani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","unstructured":"AOAC (2000). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, AOAC International."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/0967026032000157156","article-title":"Distribution of intracellular nitrogen in marine microalgae: Calculation of new nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors","volume":"39","author":"Barbarino","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(91)78551-2","article-title":"Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition","volume":"74","author":"Robertson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2021.102284","article-title":"Effects of Chlorella vulgaris, Nannochloropsis oceanica and Tetraselmis sp. supplementation levels on In Vitro rumen fermentation","volume":"56","author":"Meehan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1111\/anu.13007","article-title":"Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: Towards a more sustainable production","volume":"26","author":"Cabano","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquac. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4835","article-title":"Evaluation of four raw meat diets using domestic cats, captive exotic felids, and cecectomized roosters","volume":"91","author":"Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"FEDIAF (2021). Nutritional Guidelines For Complete and Complementary Pet Food for Cats and Dogs, FEDIAF."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Albanese, A.A. (1959). An integrated essential amino acid index for predicting the biological value of proteins. Amino Acid Nutrition, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)34457-6","article-title":"Improved recovery of fatty acid through direct transesterification without prior extraction or purification","volume":"25","author":"Lepage","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101481","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2019.101481","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of macroalgae as unconventional ingredients in ruminant animal feeds","volume":"40","author":"Maia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-016-0839-y","article-title":"Tracing seaweeds as mineral sources for farm-animals","volume":"28","author":"Cabrita","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01927-1","article-title":"Effect of extraction method and solvent system on the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected macro- and microalgae extracts","volume":"32","author":"Monteiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2018.05.011","article-title":"Profiling of phenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of European varieties and cultivars of Vicia faba L. pods","volume":"152","author":"Valente","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pluskal, T., Castillo, S., Villar-Briones, A., and Ore\u0161i\u010d, M. (2010). MZmine 2: Modular framework for processing, visualizing, and analyzing mass spectrometry-based molecular profile data. BMC Bioinform., 11.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-395"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W388","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkab382","article-title":"MetaboAnalyst 5.0: Narrowing the gap between raw spectra and functional insights","volume":"49","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1186\/s12934-018-0879-x","article-title":"The promising future of microalgae: Current status, challenges, and optimization of a sustainable and renewable industry for biofuels, feed, and other products","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb. Cell. Factories"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2014.06.047","article-title":"Evaluation of the potential of 9 Nannochloropsis strains for biodiesel production","volume":"167","author":"Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundaram, T.S., Giromini, C., Rebucci, R., and Baldi, A. (2020). Omega-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids counteract inflammatory and oxidative damage of non-transformed porcine enterocytes. Animals, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani10060956"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-019-01843-4","article-title":"Effect of different iron concentrations on growth, lipid accumulation, and fatty acid profile for biodiesel production from Tetradesmus obliquus","volume":"31","author":"Assareh","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2006.11.002","article-title":"Micro-algae as a source of protein","volume":"25","author":"Becker","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Adv."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9886-1","article-title":"Influence of microalgae cell wall characteristics on protein extractability and determination of nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors","volume":"25","author":"Safi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1111\/raq.12536","article-title":"A multidisciplinary review of Tetradesmus obliquus: A microalga suitable for large-scale biomass production and emerging environmental applications","volume":"13","author":"Oliveira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rev. Aquac."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2140","article-title":"Protein digestibility evaluations of meat and fish substrates using laboratory, avian, and ileally cannulated dog assays","volume":"88","author":"Faber","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/pbi.12025","article-title":"Fortifying plants with the essential amino acids lysine and methionine to improve nutritional quality","volume":"11","author":"Galili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plant Biotechnol. J."},{"key":"ref_36","unstructured":"NRC (2006). Nutrient Requirements for Dogs and Cat, The National Academies Press. [2nd rev. ed.]."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.2003.223.1137","article-title":"Taurine deficiency in dogs with dilated cardiomyopathy: 12 cases (1997-2001)","volume":"223","author":"Fascetti","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/137.6.1539S","article-title":"Tyrosine, Phenylalanine, and catecholamine synthesis and function in the brain","volume":"137","author":"Fernstrom","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2018.02.001","article-title":"Increased dietary intake of tyrosine upregulates melanin deposition in the hair of adult black-coated dogs","volume":"4","author":"Watson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/111.6.1074","article-title":"Histidine, an essential amino acid for adult dogs","volume":"111","author":"Cianciaruso","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.ess20140","article-title":"Total lipids content, lipid class and fatty acid composition of ten species of microalgae","volume":"69","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Oleo. Sci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2011.03.043","article-title":"Biomass and lipid production of marine microalgae using municipal wastewater and high concentration of CO2","volume":"88","author":"Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.12794","article-title":"Macronutrient intake of dogs, self-selecting diets varying in composition offered ad libitum","volume":"102","author":"Roberts","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Conde, T.A., Neves, B.F., Couto, D., Melo, T., Neves, B., Costa, M., Silva, J., Domingues, P., and Domingues, M.R. (2021). Microalgae as sustainable bio-factories of healthy lipids: Evaluating fatty acid content and antioxidant activity. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19070357"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1505","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.6.1505S","article-title":"n\u22123 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, inflammation, and inflammatory diseases","volume":"83","author":"Calder","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.2005.66.868","article-title":"Plasma and skin concentrations of polyunsaturated fatty acids before and after supplementation with n-3 fatty acids in dogs with atopic dermatitis","volume":"66","author":"Mueller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2143(98)90146-9","article-title":"Beneficial effects of chronic administration of dietary omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in dogs with renal insufficiency","volume":"131","author":"Brown","year":"1998","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/127.6.1198","article-title":"The ratio of dietary (n-6) to (n-3) fatty acids influences immune system function, eicosanoid metabolism, lipid peroxidation and vitamin E status in aged dogs","volume":"127","author":"Wander","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3164.1994.tb00028.x","article-title":"Evaluation of effects of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratios on leukotriene B synthesis in dog skin and neutrophils","volume":"5","author":"Vaughn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Vet. Derm."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.2460\/ajvr.1999.60.03.319","article-title":"Effect of dietary n-6-to-n-3 fatty acid ratio on complete blood and total white blood cell counts, and T-cell subpopulations in aged dogs","volume":"60","author":"Hall","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Vet. Res."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600641","article-title":"Health aspects of fish and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant and marine origin","volume":"52","author":"Korver","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_52","unstructured":"AAFCO (2017). Laboratory methods and services committee, fiber best practices working group. Critical Factors in Determining Fiber in Feeds and Forages, Association of Official Analytical Chemists."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-31","article-title":"Evaluation of nutritive value and in vitro rumen fermentation gas accumulation of de-oiled algal residues","volume":"5","author":"Han","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2047","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2016-0292","article-title":"Supplementation of cattle fed tropical grasses with microalgae increases microbial protein production and average daily gain","volume":"94","author":"Costa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2018.11.005","article-title":"Different microalgae species as a substitutive protein feed for soya bean meal in grass silage based dairy cow diets","volume":"247","author":"Lamminen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anim. Feed Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.110080","article-title":"Physicochemical and functional properties of dietary fiber from Nannochloropsis oceanica: A comparison of alkaline and ultrasonic-assisted alkaline extractions","volume":"133","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103711","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103711","article-title":"Food safety, hypolipidemic and hypoglycemic activities, and in vivo protein quality of microalga Scenedesmus obliquus in Wistar rats","volume":"65","author":"Silva","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5083099","article-title":"Alternative dietary fiber sources in companion animal nutrition","volume":"5","author":"Kerr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.16360","article-title":"Efficacy of feeding a diet containing a high concentration of mixed fiber sources for management of acute large bowel diarrhea in dogs in shelters","volume":"36","author":"Lappin","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vete. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2018.02.027","article-title":"The impact of day length on cell division and efficiency of light use in a starchless mutant of Tetradesmus obliquus","volume":"31","author":"Wijffels","year":"2018","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2435","DOI":"10.1007\/s12010-014-1183-9","article-title":"Enhanced accumulation of carbohydrate and starch in Chlorella zofingiensis induced by nitrogen starvation","volume":"174","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259-005-1868-1","article-title":"Comparison of expression of glucokinase gene and activities of enzymes related to glucose metabolism in livers between dog and cat","volume":"29","author":"Tanaka","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vet. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.276","article-title":"Starch and fiber fractions in selected food and feed ingredients affect their small intestinal digestibility and fermentability and their large bowel fermentability in vitro in a canine mode","volume":"131","author":"Bednar","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_64","unstructured":"Nelson, D., and Cox, M. (2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, Freeman W.H.. [5th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"S33","article-title":"Classification and measurement of nutritionally important starch fractions","volume":"46","author":"Englyst","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2006.tb00076.x","article-title":"Resistant starch\u2013A review","volume":"5","author":"Sajilata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Compr. Rev. Food Sci. Food Saf."},{"key":"ref_67","unstructured":"Levine, I.A., and Fleurence, J. (2018). Minerals and trace elements in microalgae. Microalgae in Health and Disease Prevention, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s13068-020-01699-8","article-title":"Semi-quantitative determination of ash element content for freeze-dried, defatted, sulfated and pyrolysed biomass of Scenedesmus sp.","volume":"13","author":"Gallego","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biotechnol. Biofuels"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2017.04.014","article-title":"Characterization of ash in algae and other materials by determination of wet acid indigestible ash and microscopic examination","volume":"25","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-020-02118-z","article-title":"Exploring the potential of seaweed Gracilaria gracilis and microalga Nannochloropsis oceanica, single or blended, as natural dietary ingredients for European seabass Dicentrarchus labrax","volume":"32","author":"Batista","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"13536","article-title":"Fatty acids composition of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris can be modulated by varying carbon dioxide concentration in outdoor culture","volume":"10","author":"Basari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Afr. J. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101878","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.101878","article-title":"Nutraceutical applications of twenty-five species of rapid-growing green-microalgae as indicated by their antibacterial, antioxidant and mineral content","volume":"47","author":"Santhakumaran","year":"2020","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1053\/j.tcam.2008.04.008","article-title":"Pet food safety: Sodium in pet foods","volume":"23","author":"Chandler","year":"2008","journal-title":"Top. Companion Anim. Med."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-5827.1995.tb02949.x","article-title":"Normal handling of diets\u2014Are all dogs created equal?","volume":"36","author":"Zentek","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Small. Anim. Pr."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7822","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b02552","article-title":"Mineral composition of dry dog foods: Impact on nutrition and potential toxicity","volume":"66","author":"Pereira","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pedrinelli, V., Zafalon, R.V.A., Rodrigues, R.B.A., Perini, M.P., Conti, R.M.C., de Carvalho Balieiro, J.C., and Brunetto, M.A. (2021). Influence of number of ingredients, use of supplement and vegetarian or vegan preparation on the composition of homemade diets for dogs and cats. BMC Vet. Res., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12917-021-03068-5"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1111\/jvim.14559","article-title":"ACVIM Small animal consensus recommendations on the treatment and prevention of uroliths in dogs and cats","volume":"30","author":"Lulich","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vet. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_78","unstructured":"Herbst, S., and Dobenecker, B. (2018, January 7). Effects of phosphorus addition from organic and inorganic sources on kinetics of selected blood parameters in dogs. Proceedings of the ESVCN European Society of Veterinary & Comparative Nutrition Congress, Munich, Germany."},{"key":"ref_79","first-page":"82","article-title":"The toxicity of iron, an essential element","volume":"101","author":"Albretsen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet. Med."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2010.00271.x","article-title":"Metabolic crossroads of iron and copper","volume":"68","author":"Collins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S83","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.suppl_11.S83","article-title":"Investigations on copper deficiency in growing dogs","volume":"121","author":"Zentek","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"van Zelst, M., Hesta, M., Gray, K., Beech, K., Cools, A., Alexander, L.G., Du Laing, G., and Janssens, G.P.J. (2016). Selenium digestibility and bioactivity in dogs: What the Can can, the kibble can\u2019t. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152709"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira, A.M., Maia, M.R.G., Fonseca, A.J.M., and Cabrita, A.R.J. (2021). Zinc in dog nutrition, health and disease: A review. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11040978"},{"key":"ref_84","first-page":"17","article-title":"Selenium in petfoods: Is bioavailability an issue?","volume":"22","author":"Wedekind","year":"2020","journal-title":"Compend Contin. Educ. Vet."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.199.06.731","article-title":"Comparison of procedures for assessing adequacy of dog foods","volume":"199","author":"Huber","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_86","unstructured":"NRC (2005). Mineral Tolerance of Animals, The National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2008.11.004","article-title":"The versatility of algae and their lipid metabolism","volume":"91","author":"Harwood","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2006.01.001","article-title":"Lipids and lipid metabolism in eukaryotic algae","volume":"45","author":"Guschina","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2018.09.024","article-title":"Uptake and toxic effects of triphenyl phosphate on freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus: Insights from untargeted metabolomics","volume":"650","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Total Env."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s10811-012-9869-2","article-title":"Mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols: Potent nitric oxide inhibitors from the marine microalga Nannochloropsis granulata","volume":"25","author":"Banskota","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phycol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2016.02.007","article-title":"Exploring occurrence and molecular diversity of betaine lipids across taxonomy of marine microalgae","volume":"124","author":"Armada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7827(95)00009-7","article-title":"Betaine ether-linked glycerolipids: Chemistry and biology","volume":"35","author":"Dembitsky","year":"1996","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00912","article-title":"Manipulation of oil synthesis in Nannochloropsis strain NIES-2145 with a phosphorus starvation-inducible promoter from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii","volume":"6","author":"Iwai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.17.01573","article-title":"Betaine lipid is crucial for adapting to low temperature and phosphate deficiency in Nannochloropsis","volume":"177","author":"Murakami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law, S.H., Chan, M.L., Marathe, G.K., Parveen, F., Chen, C.H., and Ke, L.Y. (2019). An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20051149"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Melo, T., Figueiredo, A.R.P., da Costa, E., Couto, D., Silva, J., Domingues, M.R., and Domingues, P. (2021). Ethanol Extraction of polar lipids from Nannochloropsis oceanica for food, feed, and biotechnology applications evaluated using lipidomic approaches. Mar. Drugs, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/md19110593"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.algal.2020.102128","article-title":"Chemoplasticity of the polar lipid profile of the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris grown under heterotrophic and autotrophic conditions","volume":"53","author":"Couto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Algal Res."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1080\/08905438709549669","article-title":"Supercritical fluid extraction and characterization of lipids from algae scenedesmus obliquus","volume":"1","author":"Choi","year":"1987","journal-title":"Food Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Yang, D., Li, M., and Shi, L. (2016). Metabolic profiles reveal changes in wild and cultivated soybean seedling leaves under salt stress. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159622"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2022.113267","article-title":"Metabolic adaptation of diatoms to hypersalinity","volume":"201","author":"Nikitashina","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0278-6915(83)90101-1","article-title":"A relationship between ascorbic acid and threonic acid in guinea-pigs","volume":"21","author":"Thomas","year":"1983","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samant, S.S., Crandall, P.G., Jarma Arroyo, S.E., and Seo, H.S. (2021). Dry pet food flavor enhancers and their impact on palatability: A review. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10112599"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21007","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00467-4","article-title":"Toxic element levels in ingredients and commercial pet foods","volume":"11","author":"Zafalon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010753k","article-title":"Chemistry and biochemistry of (-)-hydroxycitric acid from Garcinia","volume":"50","author":"Jena","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Izquierdo-Vega, J.A., Arteaga-Badillo, D.A., S\u00e1nchez-Guti\u00e9rrez, M., Morales-Gonz\u00e1lez, J.A., Vargas-Mendoza, N., G\u00f3mez-Aldapa, C.A., Castro-Rosas, J., Delgado-Olivares, L., Madrigal-Bujaidar, E., and Madrigal-Santill\u00e1n, E. (2020). Organic acids from roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)\u2014A brief review of its pharmacological effects. Biomedicines, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8050100"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7583","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)41006-4","article-title":"Reactivity and inhibitor potential of hydroxycitrate isomers with citrate synthase, citrate lyase, and ATP citrate lyase","volume":"252","author":"Sullivan","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02532136","article-title":"Effect of (-)-hydroxycitrate upon the accumulation of lipid in the rat. I. Lipogenesis","volume":"9","author":"Sullivan","year":"1974","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"210","article-title":"Effect of hydroxycitric acid on serotonin release from isolated rat brain cortex","volume":"109","author":"Ohia","year":"2001","journal-title":"Res. Commun. Mol. Pathol. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn323","article-title":"ProteoWizard: Open source software for rapid proteomics tools development","volume":"24","author":"Kessner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8696","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.7b00947","article-title":"One step forward for reducing false positive and false negative compound identifications from mass spectrometry metabolomics data: New algorithms for constructing extracted ion chromatograms and detecting chromatographic peaks","volume":"89","author":"Myers","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Chem."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/19\/2643\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:45:13Z","timestamp":1760143513000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/12\/19\/2643"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]},"references-count":110,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["ani12192643"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani12192643","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-2615","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,1]]}}}