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The presence of skeletal deformities in farmed gilthead seabream represents a major bottleneck for the industry leading to economic losses, negative impacts on the consumers\u2019 perception of aquaculture, and animal welfare issues for the fish. Although past work has primarily focused on the hatchery phase to reduce the incidence of skeletal anomalies, this work targets the successive pre-ongrowing phase in which more severe anomalies affecting the external shape often arise. This work aimed to test the effects of: (i) larger and smaller tank volumes, stocked at the same density; and (ii) higher and lower stocking densities maintained in the same water volume, on the skeleton of gilthead seabream fingerlings reared for ~63 days at a pilot scale. Experimental rearing was conducted with gilthead seabream juveniles (~6.7 \u00b1 2.5 g), which were selected as \u2018non-deformed\u2019 based on external inspection, stocked at three different densities (Low Density (LD): 5 kg\/m3; Medium Density (MD): 10 kg\/m3; High Density (HD): 20 kg\/m3) in both 500 L and 1000 L tanks. Gilthead seabream were sampled for growth performance and radiographed to assess the skeletal elements at the beginning and end of the experimental trial. Results revealed that (i) LD fish were significantly longer than HD fish, although there were no differences in final weights, regardless of the water volume; (ii) an increase in the prevalence of seabream exhibiting cranial and vertebral axis anomalies was found to be associated with increased density. These results suggest that farmers can significantly reduce the presence of some cranial and axis anomalies affecting pre-ongrown gilthead seabream by reducing the stocking density.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13040557","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,6]],"date-time":"2023-02-06T04:25:28Z","timestamp":1675657528000},"page":"557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Distinguishing the Effects of Water Volumes versus Stocking Densities on the Skeletal Quality during the Pre-Ongrowing Phase of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zachary","family":"Dellacqua","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Ecoaqua Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Gran Canaria, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9096-3166","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Di Biagio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, 00133 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Evolutionary Developmental Biology, University of Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3711-1399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corrado","family":"Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CREA\u2014Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e L\u2019analisi Dell\u2019economia Agraria (CREA)\u2014Centro di Ricerca Ingegneria e Trasformazioni Agroalimentari, 00015 Rome, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6746-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pous\u00e3o-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera\u2014Research Station, 8700-305 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0110-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera\u2014Research Station, 8700-305 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Barata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPMA\u2014Instituto Portugues do Mar e Atmosfera\u2014Research Station, 8700-305 Olh\u00e3o, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9582-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo J.","family":"Gavaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CCMAR\u2014Centre of Marine Sciences, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Mattei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UMR 7093, Laboratoire d\u2019Oceanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Sorbonne University, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Fabris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associazione Piscicoltori Italiani, 37135 Verona, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3583-6660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisol","family":"Izquierdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ecoaqua Institute, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35214 Telde, Gran Canaria, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8313-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Clara","family":"Boglione","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u2018Tor Vergata\u2019, 00133 Rome, Italy"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2022, October 22). 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