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approach\u201d","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/146172\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/146689\/2019","2021.05265.BD","UIDB\/04044\/2020","UIDB\/00211\/2020","PEst-OE\/AGR\/UI0211\/2011","COMPETE 2020","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033877","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/146172\/2019","SFRH\/BD\/146689\/2019","2021.05265.BD","UIDB\/04044\/2020","UIDB\/00211\/2020","PEst-OE\/AGR\/UI0211\/2011","COMPETE 2020","POCI-01-0247-FEDER-033877","POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007434","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tendon and ligament injuries are frequent in sport horses and humans, and such injuries represent a significant therapeutic challenge. Tissue regeneration and function recovery are the paramount goals of tendon and ligament lesion management. Nowadays, several regenerative treatments are being developed, based on the use of stem cell and stem cell-based therapies. In the present study, the preparation of equine synovial membrane mesenchymal stem cells (eSM-MSCs) is described for clinical use, collection, transport, isolation, differentiation, characterization, and application. These cells are fibroblast-like and grow in clusters. They retain osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation potential. We present 16 clinical cases of tendonitis and desmitis, treated with allogenic eSM-MSCs and autologous serum, and we also include their evaluation, treatment, and follow-up. The concerns associated with the use of autologous serum as a vehicle are related to a reduced immunogenic response after the administration of this therapeutic combination, as well as the pro-regenerative effects from the growth factors and immunoglobulins that are part of its constitution. Most of the cases (14\/16) healed in 30 days and presented good outcomes. Treatment of tendon and ligament lesions with a mixture of eSM-MSCs and autologous serum appears to be a promising clinical option for this category of lesions in equine patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13081312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,12]],"date-time":"2023-04-12T01:35:08Z","timestamp":1681263308000},"page":"1312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Allogenic Synovia-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Equine Tendinopathies and Desmopathies\u2014Proof of Concept"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9746-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Leal Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8168-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruna","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2531-3196","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. 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Sousa Fernandes, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2055-8031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edlvia Santos","family":"Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Biotecnologia e Qu\u00edmica Fina (CBQF), Laborat\u00f3rio Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica Portuguesa, Rua de Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"R\u00eama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. 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Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribitsch, I., Oreff, G.L., and Jenner, F. (2021). Regenerative medicine for equine musculoskeletal diseases. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11010234"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1186\/s13287-019-1291-0","article-title":"Strategies of tenogenic differentiation of equine stem cells for tendon repair: Current status and challenges","volume":"10","author":"Shojaee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Stem Cell Res. 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J."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2010.11.008","article-title":"Markers of stemness in equine mesenchymal stem cells: A plea for uniformity","volume":"75","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200108)44:8<1928::AID-ART331>3.0.CO;2-P","article-title":"Multipotent mesenchymal stem cells from adult human synovial membrane","volume":"44","author":"Tylzanowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_10","first-page":"119","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of synovial mesenchymal stem cells","volume":"57","author":"Sarissky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Folia Biol. 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