{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T12:33:25Z","timestamp":1762432405998,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]],"date-time":"2023-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine","award":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society","award":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences","award":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UID\/04413\/2020","UIDB\/00681\/2020","PTDC\/CVT-CVT\/0228\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","UIDB\/04033\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are obligate intracellular protozoan parasites infecting a wide range of hosts worldwide. However, information on the epidemiology of toxoplasmosis and neosporosis in cats from Portugal is limited. Thus, this study aims to evaluate anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum seroprevalence in client-owned cats from Portugal and to identify risk factors using a panel of well-characterized sera. A total of 183 domestic cats were sampled and screened for antibodies against T. gondii and N. caninum using commercial ELISA assays, and their owners answered an online questionnaire designed to obtain background information. The overall anti-T. gondii and anti-N. caninum seroprevalences were 13.1% (CI: 8.97\u201318.77) and 3.8% (CI: 1.87\u20137.68), respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that living strictly indoors was a significant protection factor (cOR: 0.053; CI: 0.005\u20130.627), and the presence of a chronic disease a significant risk factor (cOR: 3.106; CI: 1.062\u20139.082) to T. gondii seroprevalence. When performing multivariate analysis, only chronic disease (aOR: 57.527; CI: 1.7\u20131976.7) and seropositivity to N. caninum (aOR: 7.929; CI:0.8\u201382.9) were found to be a significant risk factor to anti-T. gondii antibodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. caninum seropositivity in cats from Portugal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13142327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,18]],"date-time":"2023-07-18T01:35:16Z","timestamp":1689644116000},"page":"2327","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An Antibody-Based Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum Infection in Client-Owned Cats from Portugal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Maria Aires","family":"Pereira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa (UNL), R. da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"N\u00f3brega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1236-3012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa L.","family":"Mateus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua Escola Industrial e Comercial de Nun\u2019\u00c0lvares, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"EpiUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n\u00b0 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0872-4954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andreia","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Ponte de Lima, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, Rua D. Mendo Afonso, 147 Ref\u00f3ios do Lima, 4990-706 Ponte de Lima, Portugal"},{"name":"Hospital Veterin\u00e1rio de Gaia, Rua Voltinha 82, 4415-369 Pedroso, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5272-7303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catarina","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS) Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5767-7835","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"EpiUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n\u00b0 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9519-4044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5572-6317","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Faustino-Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Comprehensive Health Research Center, Department of Zootechnics, School of Sciences and Technology, University of \u00c9vora, 7004-516 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Maria J.","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8769-8103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o R.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EpiUnit\u2014Instituto de Sa\u00fade P\u00fablica da Universidade do Porto, Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Rua das Taipas, n\u00b0 135, 4050-091 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"ICBAS\u2014Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6829-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Helena","family":"Vala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Escola Superior Agr\u00e1ria de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"CERNAS-IPV Research Centre, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viseu, Campus Polit\u00e9cnico, Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1259","article-title":"Neonatal Neospora caninum infection in dogs: Isolation of the causative agent and experimental transmission","volume":"193","author":"Dubey","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. 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