{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:27:13Z","timestamp":1760149633050,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1693180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"]}]},{"name":"Swiss National Science Foundation","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"]}]},{"name":"Morris Animal Foundation","award":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00276\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","310030_208152\/1","D20EQ-032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Thirty controls (C) and 30 IBH-affected (T) Lusitano horses were evaluated. T horses were included based on anamnesis and physical examination, supported by questionnaires. All horses were submitted to skin tests, Intrademal (IDT) and Skin Prick Tests (SPT), on the neck with 14 specific allergens, 13 recombinant proteins (r-proteins) from Culicoides nubeculosus (Cul n) and Culicoides obsoletus (Cul o) salivary glands and Culicoides nubeculosus Whole Body Extract (Cul n WBE). Addicionally, a cluster of six T and six C horses were also tested with Cul n 3 and Cul n 4 produced in insect cells and barley, as well as E. coli produced Cul o 3 and Cul o WBE. Allergen concentrations were 10 \u00b5g\/mL for IDT and 100 \u00b5g\/mL for SPT, and wheal diameters assessed at 20 min, 6 and 48 h. IDTs were considered positive when wheal diameter was \u226550% of the histamine wheal and SPT\u2019s \u2265 0.9 cm. In vitro tests, allergen-specific serum IgE and sulfidoleukotriene (sLT) release assay were also carried out. Results showed that Cul n WBE, Cul n 7, 8, 9, Cul o1P and Cul o 2P were the best performing allergens for SPTs (p \u2264 0.0001) for the 1st allergen panel and Cul o WBE, Cul n 3 Bar and Cul n 4 Bac (p \u2264 0.05) for the 2nd, presenting a higher discriminatory diagnostic potential than IDTs, at a concentration of 100 \u00b5g\/mL, with readings assessed at 20 min. Regarding in vitro tests overall, the sLT release assay performed best.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13172733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:46:47Z","timestamp":1693201607000},"page":"2733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparison of Skin Prick Tests (SPT), Intradermal Tests (IDT) and In Vitro Tests in the Characterization of Insect Bite Hypersensitivity (IBH) in a Population of Lusitano Horses: Contribution for Future Implementation of SPT in IBH Diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vera Carvalho","family":"Pessoa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Branco-Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunoallergology University Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Sigridur","family":"J\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Center, University of Iceland, Keldur, 102 Reykjavik, Iceland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1284-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliane","family":"Marti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1067-2743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Tilley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIISA\u2014Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"},{"name":"AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Lisbon, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cveq.2013.08.005","article-title":"Update on equine allergies","volume":"29","author":"Fadok","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vet. 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