{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:45:45Z","timestamp":1760150745288,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703635200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD)","award":["PDR2020-101-031029","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-101-031029","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PDR2020-101-031029","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDR2020-101-031029","UIDB\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Traditional outdoor pig farming is renowned for its emphasis on animal welfare and the production of highly valued, quality meat. While seasonality is known to impact certain animals, particularly those raised outdoors, there is a lack of research on B\u00edsaro boars, a native Portuguese breed. This research study was conducted on a total of 20 male entire B\u00edsaro pigs, reared in outdoor pens from 4 to 13 months old, and subsequently slaughtered. The animals were divided into two groups: one slaughtered in winter (Wi, n = 9), and the other in summer (Su, n = 11). The objective was to evaluate testicular morphometry, boar taint compounds, and meat quality traits, including sensory analysis and fatty acid profile. Testicles from the Su group exhibited reduced volume, indicating diminished functionality during that season. While no significant differences were observed in the boar taint compound analysis, panelists could discern a more intense aroma and flavor of boar taint in the Su meat. Other meat quality traits showed no significant variations, but the fatty acid profile displayed higher values in the Wi group. This study reveals that B\u00edsaro boars experience reproductive seasonality, leading to variations in boar taint compounds across the seasons. This information is crucial for farm planning.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14010102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]],"date-time":"2023-12-27T10:23:54Z","timestamp":1703672634000},"page":"102","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Seasonal Variations on Testicular Morphology, Boar Taint, and Meat Quality Traits in Traditional Outdoor Pig Farming"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Sofia","family":"Botelho-Fontela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Gustavo","family":"Paix\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8480-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Pereira-Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4825-2058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuela","family":"Vaz-Velho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CISAS\u2014Center for Research and Development in Agrifood Systems and Sustainability, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico de Viana do Castelo, 4900-347 Viana do Castelo, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9473-5283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria dos Anjos","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5225-4510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Payan-Carreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CHRC\u2014Comprehensive Health Research Centre, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of \u00c9vora, Pole at Mitra, 7002-554 \u00c9vora, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4662-9408","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Patarata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7725-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Lorenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3gico de la Carne de Galicia 4, 32900 San Cibrao das Vi\u00f1as, Spain"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9554-8797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), AL4AnimalS, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0309-1740(02)00123-7","article-title":"Welfare of Animal Production in Intensive and Organic Systems with Special Reference to Danish Organic Pig Production","volume":"62","author":"Gade","year":"2002","journal-title":"Meat Sci."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dost\u00e1lov\u00e1, A., Svit\u00e1kov\u00e1, A., Bure\u0161, D., Vali\u0161, L., and Volek, Z. 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