{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:35:35Z","timestamp":1760142935747,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704758400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"FCT\u2014Foundation for Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EXPL\/CVT-CVT\/1112\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/146867\/2019","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","UIDB\/04501\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EXPL\/CVT-CVT\/1112\/2021","SFRH\/BD\/146867\/2019","UIDB\/04033\/2020","UIDB\/CVT\/00772\/2020","UIDB\/04501\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Studying proteins associated with sex chromosomes can provide insights into sex-specific proteins. Membrane proteins accessible through the cell surface may serve as excellent targets for diagnostic, therapeutic, or even technological purposes, such as sperm sexing technologies. In this context, proteins encoded by sex chromosomes have the potential to become targets for X- or Y-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Due to the limited availability of proteomic studies on rabbit spermatozoa and poorly annotated databases for rabbits compared to humans, a bioinformatic analysis of the available rabbit X chromosome proteome (RX), as well as the human X (HX) and Y (HY) chromosomes proteome, was conducted to identify potential targets that could be accessible from the cell surface and predict which of the potential targets identified in humans might also exist in rabbits. We identified 100, 211, and 3 proteins associated with the plasma membrane or cell surface for RX, HX, and HY, respectively, of which 61, 132, and 3 proteins exhibit potential as targets as they were predicted to be accessible from the cell surface. Cross-referencing the potential HX targets with the rabbit proteome revealed an additional 60 proteins with the potential to be RX targets, resulting in a total of 121 potential RX targets. In addition, at least 53 possible common HX and RX targets have been previously identified in human spermatozoa, emphasizing their potential as targets of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa. Further proteomic studies on rabbit sperm will be essential to identify and validate the usefulness of these proteins for application in rabbit sperm sorting techniques as targets of X-chromosome-bearing spermatozoa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14020217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]],"date-time":"2024-01-09T10:48:06Z","timestamp":1704797286000},"page":"217","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative Bioinformatic Analysis of the Proteomes of Rabbit and Human Sex Chromosomes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Pinto-Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"},{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Andrology, Hospital Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, E.P.E., 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Center for Research in Advanced Computing Systems, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (CRACS\u2014INESC TEC), 4150-179 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6055-8298","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Esteves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"CIBIO\u2014Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO Associate Laboratory, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"},{"name":"BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, 4485-661 Vair\u00e3o, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e1rio","family":"Pinto-Leite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Genetics and Andrology, Hospital Center of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, E.P.E., 5000-508 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Experimental Pathology and Therapeutics Group, IPO Porto Research Center, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto Francisco Gentil, E.P.E., 4200-072 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7459-9173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Margarida","family":"Fardilha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4879-8624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bruno","family":"Cola\u00e7o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1126\/science.ade7187","article-title":"Y Chromosome Proteins in Female Tissues","volume":"382","author":"Gelfand","year":"2023","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13024-023-00624-5","article-title":"Sex Specific Molecular Networks and Key Drivers of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease","volume":"18","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol. 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