{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T00:43:41Z","timestamp":1760143421495,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDP\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is a significant neoplasm in dogs, characterized by a poor prognosis and a high metastatic potential. These canine spontaneous tumors share many characteristics with human transitional cell carcinoma, making them an excellent comparative model. The role of inflammatory infiltration in tumor development and progression is frequently contradictory, especially concerning tumor-associated tissue eosinophils (TATE) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aims to analyze TATE and TAMs in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Congo Red staining was used to identify TATE, and immunohistochemistry was performed to detect TAMs in 34 cases of canine transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder carcinomas, categorized into low and high grades. Statistically significant differences were observed between the number of eosinophils and macrophages in the two groups of tumors. The number of TATE was higher in low-grade malignant tumors, but the number of TAMs was higher in high-grade tumors. Our findings suggest the importance of TATEs and TAMs in the aggressiveness of canine transitional cell carcinoma and propose their potential use as therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14030519","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]],"date-time":"2024-02-05T09:31:58Z","timestamp":1707125518000},"page":"519","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Assessment of Tumor-Associated Tissue Eosinophilia (TATE) and Tumor-Associated Macrophages (TAMs) in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rita","family":"Files","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Victor","family":"Okwu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Nuno","family":"Topa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4405-0240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonor","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UNIPRO\u2014Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences\u2014CESPU (IUCS-CESPU), 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Pathology Department, INNO Specialized Veterinary Services, 4710-503 Braga, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6330-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isabel","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011969","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.1011969","article-title":"Identification of a Naturally-Occurring Canine Model for Early Detection and Intervention Research in High Grade Urothelial Carcinoma","volume":"12","author":"Dhawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. 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