{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T16:36:59Z","timestamp":1772901419749,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"15","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon Europe research and innovation program through the project IMAGINE-B5G","award":["101096452"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101096452"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Indirect methods of measuring the energy expenditure of grazing animals using heartbeat variation or accelerometers are very convenient due to their low cost and low intrusiveness, allowing animals to maintain their usual routine. In the case of accelerometers, it is possible to use them to measure activity, as well as to classify animal behavior, allowing their usage in other scenarios. Despite the obvious convenience of use, it is important to evaluate the measurement error and understand the validity of the measurement through a simplistic method. In this paper, data from accelerometers were used to classify behavior and measure animal activity, and an algorithm was developed to calculate the energy expended by sheep. The results of the energy expenditure calculations were subsequently compared with the values reported in the literature, and it was verified that the values obtained were within the reference ranges. Although it cannot be used as a real metering of energy expended, the method is promising, as it can be integrated with other complementary sources of information, such as the evolution of the animal\u2019s weight and ingestion time, thus providing assistance in animals\u2019 dietary management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14152140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]],"date-time":"2024-07-23T14:26:50Z","timestamp":1721744810000},"page":"2140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Estimating the Energy Expenditure of Grazing Farm Animals Based on Dynamic Body Acceleration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de \u00c1gueda and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-198 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Inform\u00e1tica and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-198 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7484-1027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Corujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Eletr\u00f3nica Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es and Inform\u00e1tica and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-198 Aveiro, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gon\u00e7alves, P., Antunes, M., Xavier, W., and Monteiro, A. 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