{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:38:11Z","timestamp":1770885491910,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["862050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862050"]}]},{"name":"EU project TechCare","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"EU project TechCare","award":["862050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862050"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/50008\/2020-UIDP\/50008\/2020"]}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["862050"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["862050"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The birth process in animals, much like in humans, can encounter complications that pose significant risks to both offspring and mothers. Monitoring these events can provide essential nursing support, but human monitoring is expensive. Although there are commercial monitoring systems for large ruminants, there are no effective solutions for small ruminants, despite various attempts documented in the literature. Inertial sensors are very convenient given their low cost, low impact on animal life, and their flexibility for monitoring animal behavior. This study offers a systematic review of the literature on detecting parturition in small ruminants using inertial sensors. The review analyzed the specifics of published research, including data management and monitoring processes, behaviors indicative of parturition, processing techniques, detection algorithms, and the main results achieved in each study. The results indicated that some methods for detecting birth concentrate on classifying unique animal behaviors, employing diverse processing techniques, and developing detection algorithms. Furthermore, this study emphasized that employing techniques that include analyzing animal activity peaks, specifically recurrent lying down and getting up occurrences, could result in improved detection precision. Although none of the studies provided a completely valid detection algorithm, most results were promising, showing significant behavioral changes in the hours preceding delivery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14192885","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T10:58:32Z","timestamp":1728298712000},"page":"2885","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Small Ruminant Parturition Detection Based on Inertial Sensors\u2014A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7696-4231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gest\u00e3o de \u00c1gueda and Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5981-3829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria R.","family":"Marques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Nacional de Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Agr\u00e1ria e Veterin\u00e1ria I.P. (INIAV), Avenida Professor Vaz Portugal, 2005-424 Vale de Santar\u00e9m, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9323-0208","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shelemia","family":"Nyamuryekung\u2019e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 \u00c5s, Norway"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8533-5269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grete H. M.","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Food Production and Society, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, N-1431 \u00c5s, Norway"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1071\/AN13236","article-title":"Lamb Survival in Australian Flocks: A Review","volume":"54","author":"Hinch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim. Prod. 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