{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:35:42Z","timestamp":1760146542137,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia (FCT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022.09644.BD","UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022.09644.BD","UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Necrosis is a common finding in human and animal neoplasms. The percentage of tumor necrosis is included in tumor grading schemes in veterinary oncology; however, evaluation methods are often overlooked. Different studies have assessed the prognostic value of tumor necrosis in feline mammary tumors with contradictory results, which could be related to methodologic variability. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of tumor necrosis in feline mammary tumors (FMTs) was conducted, by applying a semi-quantitative and a quantitative methodology for assessing necrosis. The interobserver agreement, the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic value of necrosis were analyzed in 154 FMT cases. Although subjectivity in the assessment of necrosis existed, an almost perfect agreement (weighted quadratic k = 0.851) between two observers was obtained. Furthermore, there was a significant positive correlation between the semi-quantitative and quantitative methods. Necrosis was more common and more extensive in malignant tumors than in their benign counterparts. Despite the non-significant results in the survival analysis, extensive necrosis was significantly associated with aggressive clinicopathological features, such as higher histological grade, high mitotic count and lymphovascular invasion. Our results support the potential relevance of necrosis in FMT.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14223280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"3280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Level of Necrosis in Feline Mammary Tumors: How to Quantify, Why and for What Purpose?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5554-4425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joana","family":"Rodrigues-Jesus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5770-8454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Canadas-Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Centre for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1350-4254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microscopy, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2470-0795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Populations Studies, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Figueira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Veterinary University Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Marrinhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Veterinary Hospital of Baixo Vouga (HVBV), 3750-742 \u00c1gueda, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1751-2419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gon\u00e7alo N.","family":"Petrucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"OneVet Veterinary Hospital of Porto (HVP), 4250-475 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University Institute for Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4346-2259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Greg\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University Institute for Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"},{"name":"AniCura Veterinary Hospital Centre (CHV), 4100-320 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Flora","family":"Tinoco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dra. Flora Tinoco Veterinary Clinic, 4475-498 Maia, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Goulart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oeste Veterinary Centre, 2410-134 Leiria, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Felga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cl\u00ednica dos Gatos Veterinary Clinic, 4100-207 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Investigation Vasco da Gama (CIVG), Department of Veterinary Sciences, Vasco da Gama University School, 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"OneVet Veterinary University Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC), 3020-210 Coimbra, Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory of Animal and Veterinary Sciences AL4AnimaLS, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8845-794X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patr\u00edcia","family":"Dias-Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, ICBAS-UP, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1002\/cbin.11137","article-title":"Cell Death: A Review of the Major Forms of Apoptosis, Necrosis and Autophagy","volume":"43","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Biol. 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