{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T18:33:34Z","timestamp":1767983614940,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00772\/2020"]}]},{"name":"FCT\u2014Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory disease is common in rabbits, but subclinical conditions can be challenging to diagnose and may cause respiratory problems during anesthesia. CT is the preferred method for diagnosing lung diseases, but anesthesia can alter lung volume and cause lung lobe collapse. In this study, seventeen healthy 5-month-old male New Zealand white rabbits underwent thoracic CT scans under different conditions. Rabbits were sedated with midazolam and butorphanol and scanned in a sphinx position; they were then anesthetized with dexmedetomidine and ketamine and scanned again in sternal recumbency during spontaneous breathing. Lastly, apnea was induced using intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) for a final scan. Lung volume and density were measured using the 3D Slicer version 5.6.2 software, with thresholds set between \u22121050 and \u2212100 Hounsfield Units (HU). Sedated animals had significantly higher total lung volume (69.39 \u00b1 10.04 cm3) than anesthetized (47.10 \u00b1 9.28 cm3) and anesthetized apnea rabbits (48.60 \u00b1 7.40 cm3). Mean lung attenuation during sedation was \u2212611.26 HU (right) and \u2212636.00 HU (left). After anesthesia induction, values increased to \u2212552.75 HU (right) and \u2212561.90 HU (left). Following apnea induction, attenuation slightly decreased to \u2212569.40 HU (right) and \u2212579.94 HU (left). The results indicate that sedation may be preferable for rabbit lung CT to minimize anesthesia-related changes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14233473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T13:34:04Z","timestamp":1733146444000},"page":"3473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Evaluation of the Effects of Sedation and Anesthesia on Total Lung Volume and Attenuation in Rabbit Lung CT Exams"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3191-7853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"Sargo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre and AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8515-9608","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Tom\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre and AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6602-0926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filipe","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre and AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0464-7771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rio","family":"Ginja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"CECAV-Veterinary and Animal Science Research Centre and AL4Animals\u2014Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Science, University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvex.2011.03.002","article-title":"Rabbit Respiratory System: Clinical Anatomy, Physiology and Disease","volume":"14","author":"Orosz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet. 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