{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:39:40Z","timestamp":1760146780292,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The aim of this preliminary study was to morphologically and dimensionally characterize the cat\u2019s olfactory bulb in the sagittal plane and to establish potential relationships with the cranial conformation, based on the study of in vivo MRI images. Midsagittal and transverse T2-weighted images of the head of 40 cats subjected to MRI were selected. For each animal, the skull index was calculated to classify the cranial conformation. Then, for the olfactory bulb, the angle was calculated, the orientation was determined, and the sagittal section area was measured. It was established that animals classified as brachycephalic have more compact olfactory bulbs, with smaller cross-sectional areas, ventral orientation and smaller angles established with the line that goes from the hard palate and the intercondylar notch of the foramen magnum. Animals classified as dolichocephalic have more globose and wider olfactory bulbs, dorsal orientation, and larger angles. Mesocephalic animals present an intermediate position. Males and younger adult animals have olfactory bulbs with larger cross-sectional areas than females and older animals. This work allows for the preliminarily characterization of the olfactory bulb in cats in the sagittal plane, and the correlations identified with other head structures open doors for the use of the bulb as an early indicator for the establishment of alterations of varied etiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14243590","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1733979169000},"page":"3590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Preliminary Findings on the Morphometric Characteristics of the Olfactory Bulb in the Cat"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Alvites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0496-2648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abby","family":"Caine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dick White Referrals, Six Mile Bottom, Cambridgeshire CB8 0UH, UK"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0189-382X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giunio Bruto","family":"Cherubini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Teaching Hospital \u201cMario Modenato\u201d, University of Pisa, Via Livornese Lato Monte, San Piero a Grado, 56122 Pisa, Italy"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur Severo P.","family":"Varej\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (CECAV), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Colette","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00ba 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvites, R., Caine, A., Cherubini, G.B., Prada, J., Varejao, A.S.P., and Mauricio, A.C. (2023). The Olfactory Bulb in Companion Animals-Anatomy, Physiology, and Clinical Importance. 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