{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:56:43Z","timestamp":1760057803799,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT\/MCTES","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Olfabionerve-Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal StemCells and Biomaterials Promoting Peripheral Nerve Regeneration","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"SFRH\/BD\/146689\/2019","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"2021.05265.BD","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"2023.00640.BD","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"ortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT)","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"Stimulus of Scientific Employment","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]},{"name":"INEGI","award":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/00211\/2020","2022.04501.PTDC","UIDP\/CVT\/00772\/2020","LA\/P\/0059\/2020","2021.00077.CEECIND","UIDB\/50022\/2020","UIDP\/50022\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Animals"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Axonotmesis, a common peripheral nerve injury in humans and animals, leads to significant biomechanical and physiological consequences. The lack of a standardized crushing protocol for complex animal models limits research and therapeutic translations for humans and clinically relevant animal species. This study aimed to assess the impact of different crushing forces on the biomechanical behavior of the sheep common peroneal nerve and to establish a force for standardized in vivo protocols. Fourteen nerves of equal length were harvested and preserved and their initial diameter measured. They were subjected to crushing forces of 0 N, 80 N, and 180 N for one minute. Post crushing, the diameter, ultimate tensile strength, displacement at rupture, stress, strain, and stiffness were evaluated. Results showed that increasing crushing forces significantly affected nerve biomechanical parameters. Nerves crushed with 180N displayed lower tensile strength, displacement, and stiffness but higher stress and strain, indicating greater physical damage and structural degradation. These findings suggest that 180N induces substantial nerve fiber rupture and disruption of nerve trunk support elements, making it a candidate force for an axonotmesis protocol in the ovine model. Future in vivo studies should validate its effectiveness in creating complete crush injuries with functional and histological consequences, facilitating protocol standardization and translational research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ani15050627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T06:39:07Z","timestamp":1740119947000},"page":"627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Biomechanical Evaluation of the Sheep Common Peroneal Nerve After Crush Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1945-6377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rui","family":"Alvites","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Instituto Universit\u00e1rio de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade (IUCS), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Polit\u00e9cnico e Universit\u00e1rio (CESPU), Avenida Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra PRD, Portugal"}]},{"given":"Bruna","family":"Lopes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8800-2195","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Catarina","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]},{"given":"F\u00e1bio","family":"Pinheiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA), Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2889-4969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabete","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associated Laboratory for Energy, Transports and Aerospace (LAETA), Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering (INEGI), 4200-465 Porto, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-5374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Prada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (CECAV), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0736-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Varej\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"},{"name":"Centro de Ci\u00eancia Animal e Veterin\u00e1ria (CECAV), Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Veterin\u00e1rias, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal"},{"name":"Neurology Service, Veterinary Hospital of the University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Quinta de Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0018-9363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Colette","family":"Maur\u00edcio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudos de Ci\u00eancia Animal (CECA), Instituto de Ci\u00eancias, Tecnologias e Agroambiente da Universidade do Porto (ICETA), Rua D. Manuel II, Apartado 55142, 4051-401 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Departamento de Cl\u00ednicas Veterin\u00e1rias, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto (UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, n\u00b0 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS), 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nadi, M., and Midha, R. (2018). Management of peripheral nerve injuries. Principles of Neurological Surgery, Elsevier.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-43140-8.00061-5"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Huang, M., Zhi, J., Wu, S., Wang, Y., and Pei, F. (2022). Research hotspots and trends of peripheral nerve injuries based on web of science from 2017 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. Front. Neurol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.872261"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"e43143","article-title":"\u201cKnowing It Before Blocking It\u201d, the ABCD of the Peripheral Nerves: Part B (Nerve Injury Types, Mechanisms, and Pathogenesis)","volume":"15","author":"Sonawane","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37578","DOI":"10.52965\/001c.37578","article-title":"Assessment of Motor Function in Peripheral Nerve Injury and Recovery","volume":"14","author":"John","year":"2022","journal-title":"Orthop. Rev."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcot.2019.08.003","article-title":"Management of peripheral nerve injury","volume":"10","author":"Bhandari","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Orthop. Trauma"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s10195-023-00695-6","article-title":"Traumatic peripheral nerve injuries: A classification proposal","volume":"24","author":"Lavorato","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Traumatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.26502\/fjsrs0052","article-title":"Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: Opportunities and Challenges","volume":"5","author":"Supra","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Spine Res. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466404","DOI":"10.1080\/2331205X.2018.1466404","article-title":"Peripheral nerve injury and axonotmesis: State of the art and recent advances","volume":"5","author":"Alvites","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cogent Med."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gouveia, D., Cardoso, A., Carvalho, C., Oliveira, A.C., Almeida, A., Gamboa, O., Lopes, B., Coelho, A., Alvites, R., and Varejao, A.S. (2024). Early Intensive Neurorehabilitation in Traumatic Peripheral Nerve Injury-State of the Art. Animal, 14.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202402.0735.v1"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2020.01.004","article-title":"Advances in regenerative therapy: A review of the literature and future directions","volume":"14","author":"Ntege","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. Ther."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lopes, B., Sousa, P., Alvites, R., Branquinho, M., Sousa, A.C., Mendonca, C., Atayde, L.M., Luis, A.L., Varejao, A.S.P., and Mauricio, A.C. (2022). Peripheral Nerve Injury Treatments and Advances: One Health Perspective. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23020918"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2217\/rme-2023-0102","article-title":"Animal models in peripheral nerve transection studies: A systematic review on study design and outcomes assessment","volume":"19","author":"Lopes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Regen. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvites, R.D., Branquinho, M.V., Sousa, A.C., Zen, F., Maurina, M., Raimondo, S., Mendonca, C., Atayde, L., Geuna, S., and Varejao, A.S.P. (2021). Establishment of a Sheep Model for Hind Limb Peripheral Nerve Injury: Common Peroneal Nerve. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22031401"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras, E., Traserra, S., Bolivar, S., Fores, J., Jose-Cunilleras, E., Delgado-Martinez, I., Garcia, F., Udina, E., and Navarro, X. (2023). Repair of Long Peripheral Nerve Defects in Sheep: A Translational Model for Nerve Regeneration. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24021333"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6613029","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6613029","article-title":"Combined Use of Chitosan and Olfactory Mucosa Mesenchymal Stem\/Stromal Cells to Promote Peripheral Nerve Regeneration In Vivo","volume":"2021","author":"Alvites","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stem Cells Int."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvites, R.D., Branquinho, M.V., Sousa, A.C., Lopes, B., Sousa, P., Prada, J., Pires, I., Ronchi, G., Raimondo, S., and Luis, A.L. (2022). Effects of Olfactory Mucosa Stem\/Stromal Cell and Olfactory Ensheating Cells Secretome on Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202204.0274.v1"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alvites, R., Lopes, B., Sousa, P., Sousa, A.C., Coelho, A., Moreira, A., Rema, A., Atayde, L., Mendonca, C., and Luis, A.L. (2023). Ultrasound Landmarks in the Approach to the Common Peroneal Nerve in a Sheep Model-Application in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202308.0193.v1"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(84)90009-5","article-title":"Alterations in the mechanical properties of peripheral nerve following crush injury","volume":"17","author":"Beel","year":"1984","journal-title":"J. Biomech."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.35653","article-title":"Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery","volume":"16","author":"Hussain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-023-03565-3","article-title":"Effect of necrostatin-1 on sciatic nerve crush injury in rat models","volume":"18","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/233265a0","article-title":"Nature of the nerve lesion caused by a pneumatic tourniquet","volume":"233","author":"Ochoa","year":"1971","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.12965\/jer.19.328126.063","article-title":"Effects of two intensities of treadmill exercise on neuromuscular recovery after median nerve crush injury in Wistar rats","volume":"15","author":"Ferreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Exerc. Rehabil."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3138590","article-title":"Mechanical effects of compression of peripheral nerves","volume":"108","author":"Dahlin","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biomech. Eng."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sonabend, A.M., Smith, P., Huang, J.H., and Winfree, C. (2012). Peripheral nerve injury. Schmidek and Sweet Operative Neurosurgical Techniques: Indications, Methods, and Results: Sixth Edition, Elsevier, Inc.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4160-6839-6.10195-9"},{"key":"ref_25","first-page":"e22513","article-title":"Autologous Muscle-Derived Nerve Wrap for Prevention of Symptomatic Microneuromas in Primary Nerve Repair","volume":"14","author":"Bruce","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/neuros\/nyaa106","article-title":"A Porcine Model of Peripheral Nerve Injury Enabling Ultra-Long Regenerative Distances: Surgical Approach, Recovery Kinetics, and Clinical Relevance","volume":"87","author":"Burrell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2004.21.1652","article-title":"Functional and morphological assessment of a standardized rat sciatic nerve crush injury with a non-serrated clamp","volume":"21","author":"Varejao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e01557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e01557","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of peripheral nerves after crush injuries","volume":"5","author":"Wong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaa.2020.06.008","article-title":"An ultrasound-guided subparaneural approach to the sciatic nerve in the dog: A cadaver study","volume":"48","author":"Micieli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Vet. Anaesth. Analg."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Czarnecki, P., Huber, J., Szymankiewicz-Szuka\u0142a, A., G\u00f3recki, M., and Romanowski, L. (2023). End-to-Side vs. Free Graft Nerve Reconstruction\u2014Experimental Study on Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241310428"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24250","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the human tibial and peroneal nerves following stretch with histological correlations","volume":"302","author":"Kerns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anat. Rec."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.1100100508","article-title":"The functional recovery of peripheral nerves following defined acute crush injuries","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Res."}],"container-title":["Animals"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/5\/627\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T16:39:37Z","timestamp":1760027977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-2615\/15\/5\/627"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["ani15050627"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ani15050627","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-2615"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"2076-2615"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]}}}